Systematic revision and phylogeny of Ainsliaea DC. (Asteraceae, Mutisieae)

FREIRE, S.E.

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Año: 2007 vol. 94 p. 79 - 191

0026-6493

Ainsliaea DC. is an Asiatic genus of Mutisieae Cass. Forty-nine species and nine varieties are recognized. Twenty-six species are endemic to China, four to Japan, other four to Indo-China, two to Himalayas, and one to Taiwan. The genus is marked by its stems unbranched with leaves basally rosulate or arranged at the median part of the stem (only one species has stem branched with alternate leaves), capitula few-flowered, florets deeply 5-cleft with unilateral lobes, and plumose pappus. Three new combinations are made: Ainsliaea bonatii var. multibracteata (Mattf.) S.E. Freire, Ainsliaea glabra Hemsl. var. sutchuenensis (Franch.) S.E. Freire and Ainsliaea henryi var. subalpina (Hand.-Mazz.) S.E. Freire, and one variety, Ainsliaea latifolia (D.Don) Sch. Bip. var. taiwanensis S.E. Freire is described for the first time. Ainsliaea asarifolia Hayata, A. cordifolia var. integrifolia Maxim., A. fragrans var. integrifolia (Maxim.) Kitam., A. integrifolia (Maxim.) Makino, A. ningpoensis Matsuda, and A. rubrifolia Franch., are newly synonymized with A. fragrans Champ. ex Benth., A. morrisonicola Hayata, A. reflexa var. morrisonicola (Hayata) Yamam., A. reeflexa var. ovatifolia C.C. Chang, A. reflexa var. nimborum Hand.-Mazz, A. latifolia var. nimborum (Hand.-Mazz.) Kitam., are newly synonymized with A. henryi var, subalpina (Hand.-Mazz.) S.E. Freire, A. tonkinensis Merr., A. longipetiolata Merr and A. reflexa var. lobbiana Beauverd are newly synonymized with A. reflexa Merr., A. glabra var. tenuicaulis (Mattf.) C.C. Chang, A. tenuicaulis C.C. Chang and A. plantaginifolia Mattf. are newly synonymized with A. glabra var. sutchuenensis (Franch.) S.E. Freire, A. macroclinidioides var, secundiflora (Hayata) Kitam., and A. secundiflora Hayata, are newly synonymized with A. apiculata var, acerifolia Masam., A. angustifolia Hook. et Thomson ex C.B. Clarke is a new synonym referred to A. glumacea (Fr.) Sch. Bip., A. aptera f. paniculata Kuntze, is a new synonym referred to A. aptera DC., A. cleistogama C.C. Chang is a new synonym referred to A. cavaleriei H. Lév., A. gracilis var. robusta Diels is a new synonym referred to A. grossedentata Franch., A. heterantha Hand.-Mazz. is a new synonym referred to A. latifolia (D.Don) Sch. Bip., A. mattfeldiana Hand.-Mazz. to A. bonatii var. multibracteata (Mattf.) S.E. Freire, A. lancifolia Franch. to A. glabra Hemsl., A. pteropoda var. platyphylla Franch. to A. bonatii Beauverd, A. petelotii Merr. to A. hypoleuca Diels, and A. hui Diels to A. kawakamii Hayata. Lectotypes are newly designated for Ainsliaea apiculata Sch. Bip., A. aptera DC., A. crassifolia C.C. Chang, A. elegans Hemsl. , A. elegans var. strigosa Mattf., A. fulvipes Jeffrey at W.W. Sm., A. macroclinidioides Hayata, A. pertyoides var. albotomentosa Beauverd, A. pteropoda var. platyphylla Franch., A. pteropoda var. silhetensis DC., A. scabrida Dunn, A. sparsiflora Vaniot,  Hieracium glumaceum Fr. (= A. glumacea (Fr.) Sch. Bip.). Neotypes are designated for Ainsliaea apiculata var. acerifolia Masam., A. apiculata var. ovatifolia Masam., A. cordifolia var. integrifolia Maxim., A.linearis Makino. Epitypes are designated for Ainsliaea cordifolia Franch. et Sav., A. dissecta Franch. et Sav. and A. pteropoda DC. Phylogenetic analysis of Ainsliaea based on 30 morphological characters produced three most parsimonious trees that supports the monophyly of the genus. Pertya Sch. Bip., Myripnois Bunge, and Macroclinidium Maxim. are the genera closest to Ainsliaea, and it is hypothesized that Pertya  is ancestral to these four. Ainsliaea is distinguished from Pertya by its usually stems simple (vs. stems branched) and its leaves ususally rosulate or cluster at the median part of the stem (vs. alternate or clustered on short shoots). Phylogenetic analysis also support the existing of two subgenera, i.e. Ainsliaea subgen. Ainsliaea with a distinctly uniserate pappus bristles, and the monospecific Ainsliaea subgen. Diaspananthus (A. uniflora ) from Japan, characterized by its pappus of  biseriate bristles. Phylogenetic resolution within subgen. Ainsliaea is weakly supported, however the resolution  best supported divides subgen. Ainsliaea into three subclades: two agree with two of three previous proposed sections, and the remaining basal third subclade is monospecific (A. lancangensis). Two sections previously recognized , sect. Ainsliaea (=sect. Scaposae including sect. Frondosae) and sect. Aggregatae, are proposed until more appropiate characters have been found. A key to the species of the genus is given, as well as morphological descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps.