INVESTIGADORES
FONTICELLI Mariano Hernan
artículos
Título:
Deposition and stripping processes of tin on gold film electrodes
Autor/es:
M. H. FONTICELLI; R. I. TUCCERI; D. POSADAS
Revista:
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
Referencias:
Año: 2004 vol. 49 p. 5197 - 5202
ISSN:
0013-4686
Resumen:
The CV and surface conductance (SC) responses of tin species adsorbed on evaporated gold film electrodes were studied as a function of
the potential window and the potential sweep rate. Sn adatoms were generated either, by reducing Sn(II) present in the solution (u p d) or by
first irreversibly adsorbing Sn(II) and then reducing it in the supporting electrolyte alone. The experimental results show that at potentials
about E ¡Ö −0.25 V(versus SCE), all the Sn(II) is reduced to Sn(0) and this species is adsorbed on the electrode surface. The subsequent
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
first irreversibly adsorbing Sn(II) and then reducing it in the supporting electrolyte alone. The experimental results show that at potentials
about E ¡Ö −0.25 V(versus SCE), all the Sn(II) is reduced to Sn(0) and this species is adsorbed on the electrode surface. The subsequent
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
first irreversibly adsorbing Sn(II) and then reducing it in the supporting electrolyte alone. The experimental results show that at potentials
about E ¡Ö −0.25 V(versus SCE), all the Sn(II) is reduced to Sn(0) and this species is adsorbed on the electrode surface. The subsequent
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
first irreversibly adsorbing Sn(II) and then reducing it in the supporting electrolyte alone. The experimental results show that at potentials
about E ¡Ö −0.25 V(versus SCE), all the Sn(II) is reduced to Sn(0) and this species is adsorbed on the electrode surface. The subsequent
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
u p d) or by
first irreversibly adsorbing Sn(II) and then reducing it in the supporting electrolyte alone. The experimental results show that at potentials
about E ¡Ö −0.25 V(versus SCE), all the Sn(II) is reduced to Sn(0) and this species is adsorbed on the electrode surface. The subsequent
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
E ¡Ö −0.25 V(versus SCE), all the Sn(II) is reduced to Sn(0) and this species is adsorbed on the electrode surface. The subsequent
oxidation of Sn(0) leads to Sn(II)ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.
ad, adsorbed on the electrode. This species desorbs only when the Sn(II)ad is further oxidised to soluble
Sn(IV). The number of electrons involved in the reduction of Sn(II) to Sn(0) and vice versa is two. On the other hand, the analysis of the
resistance measurements at low coverage is made by applying the surface Linde¡¯s rule. This leads to the conclusion that the Sn(0) behaves
as an interstitial impurity. SC experiments, made in the potential region corresponding to Sn bulk deposition, suggest the formation of a bulk
Sn¨CAu alloy.