DNA barcoding reveals deep divergent molecular units in Pomatomus saltatrix (Perciformes: Pomatomidae): implications for management and global conservation

FERNÁNDEZ IRIARTE P.

JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS

Lugar: Cambridge; Año: 2022

0025-3154

Maria Clara G. de Queiroz-Brito1,2 , Carolina Barros Machado3 ,Danielle de Jesus Gama Maia4 , Uedson Pereira Jacobina5 ,Mauro Nirchio6,7 , Matheus M. Rotundo8 , Rafael de Almeida Tubino9 ,Pedro Fernández Iriarte10,11 , Manuel Haimovici12 and RodrigoAugusto Torres2,11Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; 2Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; 3Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular e Conservação, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; 4Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 5Laboratório de Ictiologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Penedo, Penedo, Alagoas, Brazil; 6Escuela de Ciencias aplicadas del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad de Oriente, Porlamar, Venezuela; 7Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Departamento de Acuicultura, UniversidadTécnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador; 8Acervo Zoológico da Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil; 9Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Seropédica, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 10Universidade Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 11Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas e Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina; 12Instituto de Oceanografia, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and 13Departamento de Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Londrina, Paraná, Brazil Abstract Pomatomus saltatrix is a high-value marine pelagic coastal fish, that is fished throughout subtropical and temperate coastal waters around the world. Despite its large economic potential,there are no global data on its genetic diversity, which could compromise the conservation ofthe species. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic-evolutionary structuring of thespecies, with the intention of evaluating different genetic P. saltatrix stocks that may indicatepotential species. Based on 157 Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 1 sequences, the moleculardelimitation analyses of species (distance and coalescence methods), as well as the haplotypenetwork, found profound geographic structuring related to five distinct units with high andsignificant FST pairwise values. The divergence of these molecular units is mostly related tothe Pleistocene glacial and interglacial cycles of climatic oscillations. It is hypothesized thatone ancestral lineage, adapted to cold water environments, diversified into two lineages,with one more adapted to warmer environments. The high values of global genetic diversity(π = 0.016; h = 0.96) may be related to the existing profound genetic differentiation. Due to thepresence of five Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) within the species it isnecessary to employ different regional management strategies. Traits of low haplotyperichness and shallow population contraction were identified in the MOTUs V (Venezuelaand Brazil) and III (Turkey and Australia), respectively, representing conservation priorities.Other molecular markers, as well as morphological data, should be explored with the aim ofdefining the taxonomic status of P. saltatrix stocks.