Computing Generalized Specificity

CARLOS IVÁN CHESÑEVAR; FRIEDER STOLZENBURG; ALEJANDRO GARCÍA; GUILLERMO SIMARI,

JOURNAL OF APPLIED NON-CLASSICAL LOGICS

Lugar: Hermes-Elsevier; Año: 2003 vol. 13 p. 87 - 113

1166-3081

Most formalisms for representing common-sense knowledge allow incomplete and potentially inconsistent information. When strong negation is also allowed, contradictory conclusions can arise. A criterion for deciding between them is needed. The aim of this paper is to investigate an inherent and autonomous comparison criterion, based on specificity as defined in \cite{Poo85,SL92}. In contrast to other approaches, we consider not only defeasible, but also strict knowledge. Our criterion is context-sensitive, i.e. preference among defeasible rules is determined dynamically during the dialectical analysis. We show how specificity can be defined in terms of two different approaches: \emph{activation sets} and \emph{derivation trees}. This allows us to get a more syntactic criterion that can be implemented in a computationally attractive way. The resulting definitions may be applied in general rule-based formalisms. We present theorems linking both characterizations. Finally we discuss other frameworks for defeasible reasoning in which preference handling is considered explicitly.