Study of the breast-milk microbiota in mothers of term vs. preterm infants in Argentina.

ODDI, S.; MANTZIARI, A.; HUBER, P.; BINETTI, A. G.; VINDEROLA, C. G.; COLLADO, M. C.

Simposio; 2021 MIT Microbiome Symposium; 2021

MIT

Breast-milkis the gold standard for feeding infants. Breast-milk microbiota favors thenormal development of the gut-associated immune system preventing respiratoryand intestinal infections and non-communicable diseases later in life. Preterminfants, less than 37 weeks-old of pregnancy, are the most compromised ones, interms of health, since their immune system is immature. Globally, prematurityis the leading cause of death in children under the age of 5 years. Recentstudies showed that breast milk between full-term and preterm infants differ notonly on their nutritional composition but also on their microbiota. Due to thegeographical characteristics of the microbiota, it is of interest to study the breast-milkmicrobiota around the globe, and its differences between full-term and preterminfants. In this work, we analyzed the breast-milk microbiota from full-termand preterm infants by 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Twelve mothers from each group(preterm: less than 37 weeks, and full-term: at least 37 weeks) were invited todonate breast-milk samples. In addition, from the preterm group, two sampleswere collected, one of them on the first days post-partum and another wheninfants reached 37 weeks of gestation or more. The 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4)amplification and Illumina sequencing were conducted. The alpha diversityaccording to the Simpson index of the full-term group was significantly higherthan the first sample of the preterm group. Although, no differences wereobserved between samples of breast milk from the full-term group and the secondsample of the preterm group. When the taxonomic composition of Firmicutes wascompared among groups, the breast-milk microbiota of the preterm group, acrossdays postpartum, resembled that of the full-term group. No differences wereobserved for Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phylum. The most abundant generawere Staphylococcus and Streptococcus (from the Firmicutesphylum), and they were also responsible for most of the differences observed.The rate of Streptococcus/Staphylococcus was higher in the full-termgroup than in the preterm group. Significantly lower levels of Rothia wereobserved in preterm infants than in full-term babies. A higher risk ofsuffering asthma in adulthood was associated with a lower abundance of Rothiain children?s gut microbiota. This is the first report of the composition ofbreast-milk in Argentina, supporting the fact that full-term delivery promotesthe diversity of microbiota in breast-milk.@font-face{font-family:"Cambria Math";panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:roman;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face{font-family:Calibri;panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:swiss;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073732485 9 0 511 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal{mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:"";margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:107%;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoChpDefault{mso-style-type:export-only;mso-default-props:yes;font-size:11.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoPapDefault{mso-style-type:export-only;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:107%;}div.WordSection1{page:WordSection1;}