Oxidative stress associated to two preventive treatments of iron deficiency anemia in human lymphocytes cultured in vitro

PADULA G; SEOANE A; MARTINS E; GAMBARO R

Foz de Iguazu

Congreso; 2018 International Congress of Genetics; 2018

Sociedad Brasilera de Genética

Introduction and objetives: iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency and the main cause of anemia worldwide. Children aged 6-24 months are among the most vulnerable groups at risk for the deficiency. Daily supplementation with ferrous sulfate is recommended by the Argentine Society of Pediatrics as preventive treatment of anemia. However, a single weekly dose would have fewer adverse side effects and has been therefore proposed as an alternative treatment. Ferrous sulfate is known by its pro-oxidative properties, which may lead to increased oxidative stress as well as lipid, protein and DNA damage. We analyzed the effect of daily and weekly preventive treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on cell viability, oxidative stress and chromosome and cytomolecular damage in human lymphocytes cultured in vitro. Material and methods: the study protocol included four groups, untreated negative control; blemocycin, hydrogen peroxide or ethanol-treated positive control; daily 0.14 mg ferrous sulfate; and weekly 0.55 mg ferrous sulfate. We assessed cell viability (methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium and neutral red assays), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay), antioxidant response (superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme analysis), chromosome damage (cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus cytome assay) and cytomolecular damage (comet assay). Results and conclusions: Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant response and chromosome and cytomolecular damage decreased (p < 0.05) after weekly ferrous sulfate supplementation. Such decrease in vitro position weekly ferrous sulfate supplementation as a better alternative for IDA treatment. Further studies in vivo would be necessary to corroborate whether weekly supplementation could improve IDA preventive treatment compliance by decreasing IDA prevalence.