Physiopathological mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension associated with gut dysbiosis and the effect of nutritional/pharmacological interventions

RUKAVINA MIKUSIC, NATALIA LUCÍA; CHOI, MARCELO ROBERTO; MARTÍN GIMÉNEZ, VIRNA MARGARITA; GARCÍA MENÉNDEZ, SEBASTIÁN; LEE, HYUN JIN; MANUCHA, WALTER

BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2022 vol. 204

0006-2952

The gut microbiota dysbiosis represents a triggering factor for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. In addition to the harmful impact caused by hypertension on different target organs, gut dysbiosis is also capable of causing direct damage to critical organs such as the brain, heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. In this sense, it should be noted that pharmacological and nutritional interventions may influence gut microbiota composition, either inducing or preventing the development of hypertension. Some of the most important nutritional interventions at this level are represented by pro-, pre-, post- and/or syn-biotics, as well as some polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3, polyphenols and fiber contained in different foods. Meanwhile, some natural and synthetic active pharmaceutical ingredients, including antibiotics, antihypertensive and immunosuppressive drugs, as well as some vegetable extracts and vitamins, may also have a key role in the modulation of both gut microbiota and cardiovascular health. Additionally, gut microbiota may influence drugs and food-derived bioactive compounds metabolism, positively or negatively affecting their biological behavior facing established hypertension. The understanding of the complex interactions between gut microbiome and drug/food response results of great importance to developing improved pharmacological therapies for hypertension prevention and treatment. The purpose of this review is critically outline the most relevant and recent findings on cardiovascular, renal and brain physiopathological mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension associated with changes in gut microbiota, as well as the nutritional and pharmacological interventions potentially valuable for the prevention and treatment of this prevalent pathology. Some harmful food/drug interventions on gut microbiota are also described.