Genomic analysis of the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea.

AMSELEM J; CUOMO C; VAN KAN JAL; VIAUD M; BENITO E; COULOUX A; COUTINHO PM; DE VRIES RP; DYER PS; FILLINGER S; FOURNIER E; GOUT L; HAHN M; KOHN L; LAPALU N; PLUMMER KM; PRADIER J-M; QUEVILLON E; SIMON A; TEN HAVE A; TUDZYNSKI B; TUDZYNSKI P; WINCKER P; ANDREW, M; ANTHOUARD V; BEFFA R; BENOIT I; BOUZID O; CHEN Z; CHOQUER M; COLLEMARE J; COTTON P; DANCHIN EG; DA SILVA C; GAUTIER A; GIRAUD C; GIRAUD T; GONZALEZ C; GROSSETETE S; GÜLDNER U; HENRISSAT B; HOWLETT BJ; KODIRA C; KRETSCHMER M; LAPPARTIENT A; LEROCH M; LEVIS C ; MAUCELI E; NEUVÉGLISE C; OESER B; PEARSON M; POULAIN J; POUSSEREAU N; QUESNEVILLE H; RASCLE C; SCHUMACHER J; SÉGURENS B; SEXTON A; SIRVEN C; SOANES DM; TALBOT NJ; YANDAVA C; ZENG Q; ROLLINS JA; LEBRUN M-H; MARTY B DICKMAN

PLOS GENETICS

PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

Lugar: San Francisco; Año: 2011 vol. 7 p. 1 - 27

1553-7390

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea are closely related necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi notable for their widehost ranges and environmental persistence. These attributes have made these species models for understanding thecomplexity of necrotrophic, broad host-range pathogenicity. Despite their similarities, the two species differ in matingbehaviour and the ability to produce asexual spores. We have sequenced the genomes of one strain of S. sclerotiorum andtwo strains of B. cinerea. The comparative analysis of these genomes relative to one another and to other sequenced fungalgenomes is provided here. Their 38–39 Mb genomes include 11,860–14,270 predicted genes, which share 83% amino acididentity on average between the two species. We have mapped the S. sclerotiorum assembly to 16 chromosomes and foundlarge-scale co-linearity with the B. cinerea genomes. Seven percent of the S. sclerotiorum genome comprises transposableelements compared to ,1% of B. cinerea. The arsenal of genes associated with necrotrophic processes is similar betweenthe species, including genes involved in plant cell wall degradation and oxalic acid production. Analysis of secondarymetabolism gene clusters revealed an expansion in number and diversity of B. cinerea–specific secondary metabolitesrelative to S. sclerotiorum. The potential diversity in secondary metabolism might be involved in adaptation to specificecological niches. Comparative genome analysis revealed the basis of differing sexual mating compatibility systemsbetween S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea. The organization of the mating-type loci differs, and their structures provideevidence for the evolution of heterothallism from homothallism. These data shed light on the evolutionary and mechanisticbases of the genetically complex traits of necrotrophic pathogenicity and sexual mating. This resource should facilitate thefunctional studies designed to better understand what makes these fungi such successful and persistent pathogens ofagronomic crops.