Cyclic nucleotides in the central nervous system.

GOLOMBEK, DA; AGOSTINO, PV

The Handbook of Cell Signaling.

Elsevier

Año: 2008; p. 1 - 17

HANDBOOK OF CELL SIGNALING, SECOND EDITIONRalph A. Bradshaw and Edward A. DennisPart II, section F: Cyclic NucleotidesCyclic Nucleotide Signaling in the Central Nervous SystemDiego A. Golombek and Patricia V. AgostinoAbbreviatures: AC: adenylyl cyclasecAMP: cyclic AMPcGMP: cyclic GMPCN: cyclic nucleotideGC: guanylyl cyclaseCNG channels: cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channelsCREB: cAMP response element binding proteinGPCR: G-protein coupled receptorsPDE: phosphodiesterasePKA, PKG: cyclic AMP/GMP-dependent protein kinaseNO: nitric oxideNOS: nitric oxide synthaseCyclic nucleotide localization in the CNSSince the discoveries of cAMP, cGMP and their signaling pathways in the 1950s and 1960s, important advances have stimulated progress in cyclic nucleotide (CN) research and detailed descriptions of their basic regulatory systems (Beavo and Bender, 2002). In recent years it has become clear that cyclic nucleotides are fundamental second messengers in the mammalian brain. Both cAMP and cGMP mediate a wide range of physiological functions, such as regulation of specific cAMP or cGMP phosphodiesterases, protein kinases, ion channels and several neuronal (and even glial) signal transduction mechanisms. Regulation of CN synthesis and degradation appears to be different in various brain regions and is modified by several physiological and pathological conditions