INVESTIGADORES
HALLER Miguel Jorge Francisco
artículos
Título:
Time-evolution of magma sources in a continental back-arc setting: the Cenozoic basalts from Sierra de San Bernardo (Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina)
Autor/es:
BRUNI S; D'ORAZIO M; HALLER MJ; INNOCENTI F; MANETTI P; PÉCSKAY Z; TONARINI S
Revista:
GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE
Editorial:
Cambridge Journals
Referencias:
Lugar: Londres; Año: 2008 vol. 154 p. 714 - 732
ISSN:
0016-7568
Resumen:
East of the Patagonian Andes, mafic volcanic rocks (mainly lava flows and scoriae) are exposed in the Sierra de San Bernardo fold belt and neighbouring areas (central Patagonia; 44.5 46◦ S, 6971◦ W). They were erupted over a wide interval of time (late EocenePleistocene; 14 new KAr ages), and show systematic chemical and SrNdPb isotopic variations in time. The alkaline lavas (Mg number 5766) erupted during the late Eocene and early Miocene, have an intraplate geochemical affinity, and have the highest 143Nd/144Nd and 206Pb/204Pb and the lowest 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the dataset. Their compositions indicate that their depth of equilibration in the mantle was greater than that of subsequent lavas. In contrast, the Plio-Pleistocene alkaline lavas (Mg number 5871) are the most enriched in incompatible elements, still showing an intra-plate signature, and have the lowest 143Nd/144Nd and 206Pb/204Pb and the highest 87Sr/86Sr ratios. A distinctive group of early Miocene subalkaline lavas is characterized by slightly more evolved compositions (Mg number 5659), coupled with very low incompatible element contents, flat LREE and fractionated HREE patterns (kinked pattern), and intermediate SrNdPb isotope compositions. The Pleistocene basanites (Mg number 7172) from the Cerro Ante monogenetic cone, on the easternmost slopes of the Patagonian Andes, have a marked orogenic geochemical signature and SrNdPb isotope ratios that overlap with those of volcanic rocks from the adjacent active Andean arc. They originated in a mantle source extensively modified by the addition of materials from the subducting Pacific oceanic plates. We suggest that the wide chemical and isotopic variability of the Sierra de San Bernardo lavas reflects the upwelling of asthenospheric mantle beneath the study area, which induced lithospheric erosion and progressive involvement of enriched mantle domains in the genesis of magmas. In this context, late Eocene and early Miocene alkaline magmatism was dominantly sourced from the asthenospheric mantle, whereas Plio-Pleistocene alkalinemagmas contain the largest proportion of an enriched lithospheric component. The peculiar compositional features of the early Miocene subalkaline lavas are interpreted in terms of high-degree mantle melting followed bymeltlithosphericmantle reaction processes. Based on current knowledge about the relative movement and decoupling between lithosphere and asthenosphere, we propose that the asthenosphere below the study area rose up to compensate for the westward drift of the mantle wedge coupled with the South American lithosphere.