Microbiome in soils of Mendoza: microbial resources for the development of agroecological management in viticulture

PAOLINELLI, MARCOS; MARTINEZ, LAURA ELIZABETH; GARCÍA-LAMPASONA, SANDRA; FARBER, MARISA DIANA; ESCORIAZA, GEORGINA; LONGONE, VALERIA; GONZÁLEZ, MAGALÍ; LERENA, CECILIA; COMBINA, MARIANA; MERCADO, LAURA ANALÍA

OENO One

International Viticulture and Enology Society

Año: 2023 vol. 57 p. 191 - 205

Rhizosphere microorganisms are considered an extension of plants, representing criticalactors involved in the promotion of plant nutrient intake from the surrounding environment.Consequently, a great focus is being made on soil microorganisms since they are considered apromising source for crop resilience improvements under a global climate change scenario. Toexplore bacterial and fungal communities from arid soils in vineyards and their surroundingsfrom two regions with very different climate and tillage histories, an amplicon sequencinganalysis was performed. Specifically, Santa Rosa (SR) is in a region commonly known as thefirst zone, characterised by low altitude (607 m.a.s.l., Winkler V), while Gualtallary (G) isin the Uco Valley Zone, a region with high altitude (1245 m.a.s.l., Winkler III); both in theproductive wine region of Mendoza. SR is characterised by its long cultivation history, while Gis a recently cultivated region. Topsoil samples were collected and used for bacterial and fungalcommunity profile characterisation. Ascomycota was the predominant phylum (38–97 %) inmycobiome composition, whereas Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum(26–34 %) in both regions. Moreover, the main factor explaining microbiome differencesbetween regions was the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Anaerolineae and Gammaproteobacteriawere a distinctive bacterial class in SR-cultivated soils. Azospirillales were highly abundant inSR uncultivated soils, while Rhizobiales were differentially abundant in G uncultivated soils.Regarding functional analysis, soils from SR showed a higher denitrification activity of nitrifiersas well as glucose-related metabolism, while in G soils, bacterial photosynthesis activities werea differential trait. In addition, Actinobacteria abundance was lower in SR-cultivated soils,indicating a higher susceptibility of this phylum to grapevine crop practices. These results allowthe development of hypothetical models of the local microbial resources and their contributionto grapevine nutrition, which is highly important to elaborate recommendations for grapevinemanagement to preserve soil health in vine areas of Mendoza.