Genetic diversity and population structure in Nothofagus pumilio, a foundation species of Patagonian forests: defining priority conservation areas and management

MATTERA, M. GABRIELA; PASTORINO, MARIO J.; LANTSCHNER, M. VICTORIA; MARCHELLI, PAULA; SOLIANI, CAROLINA

Scientific Reports

SpringerNature

Año: 2020 vol. 10

Patagonian forests are the southernmost temperate forests in the world, and Nothofagus pumiliois one of their most ecologically important tree species (i.e., a foundation species). It presents greatadaptability and a wide distribution range, making it a suitable model for predicting the performanceof trees facing global climate change. N. pumilio forests are increasingly threatened by extremeclimatic events and anthropogenic activities. This study aims to identify priority conservation areasand Genetic Zones (GZs) for N. pumilio, promoting the implementation of specific practices to ensureits management and long-term preservation. Thirty-five populations (965 trees) sampled across itsdistribution (more than 2200 km latitudinally) were genotyped with SSRs, and geographical patternsof genetic variation were identified using Bayesian approaches. The phylogeographic patterns of thespecies and geomorphological history of the region were also considered. Six priority conservationareas were identified, which hold high allelic richness and/or exclusive allelic variants. Eighteen GZswere delineated based on the genetic structure of this species, and maps showing their distributionalrange were drawn up. Overall, this study defines management units based on genetic data for N.pumilio for the first time, which will facilitate the establishment of sustainable practices and highlightpriorities for investment of conservation funding.