Carnegie supernova project: Classification of type Ia supernovae

BARON, E.; MORRELL, N.; FOLATELLI, G.; HOEFLICH, P.; PHILLIPS, M.M.; UDDIN, SYED; BURROW, ANTHONY; BURNS, CHRISTOPHER R.; BROWN, PETER J.; GALBANY, LLUÍS; KRISCIUNAS, KEVIN; SUNTZEFF, NICHOLAS B.; ASHALL, CHRIS; STRITZINGER, MAXIMILIAN D.; FREEDMAN, WENDY L.; HSIAO, ERIC Y.; PIRO, ANTHONY L.

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL

IOP PUBLISHING LTD

Año: 2020 vol. 901

0004-637X

We use the spectroscopy and homogeneous photometry of 97 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained by the Carnegie Supernova Project as well as a subset of 36 SNe Ia presented by Zheng et al. to examine maximum-light correlations in a four-dimensional (4D) parameter space: B-band absolute magnitude, MB, Si II λ6355 velocity, vSi II, and Si II pseudo-equivalent widths pEW(Si II λ6355) and pEW(Si II λ5972). It is shown using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) that the original four groups in the Branch diagram are well-defined and robust in this parameterization. We find three continuous groups that describe the behavior of our sample in [MB, vSi II] space. Extending the GMM into the full 4D space yields a grouping system that only slightly alters group definitions in the [MB, vSi II] projection, showing that most of the clustering information in [MB, vSi II] is already contained in the 2D GMM groupings. However, the full 4D space does divide group membership for faster objects between core-normal and broad-line objects in the Branch diagram. A significant correlation between MB and pseudo-equivalent width (Si II λ5972) is found, which implies that Branch group membership can be well-constrained by spectroscopic quantities alone. In general, we find that higher-dimensional GMMs reduce the uncertainty of group membership for objects between the originally defined Branch groups. We also find that the broad-line Branch group becomes nearly distinct with the inclusion of vSi II, indicating that this subclass of SNe Ia may be somehow different from the other groups.