Benzoindoles and Piridoindoles. Reviewing their Photochemistry and Applications in a Comparative Way

SERGIO M. BONESI AND ROSA ERRA-BALSELLS

Photochemistry Research Progress

Nova Science Publishers

Lugar: Hauppauge, NY; Año: 2008; p. 325 - 372

ABSTRACT   The carbazole family is subjected to an overview in terms of the photophysisc and photochemistry aspects. In the present review no attempts are made to include polymeric systems or macromolecules in which the carbazole nucleus are pendant groups. The photophysical behavior of carbazoles deals with the characterization of the electronic excited states (singlet and triplet states) as well as the derivation of the dynamic properties of the excited states in term of radiative and radiationless rate constants by means of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy (Absorption, emission fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy (optical methods); laser induced optoacoustic spectroscopy (LIOAS; optoacousitc method)). This discussion is restricted to experiments done in solution at 298 K and in solid matrix at 77 K. The photochemistry of carbazoles can be grouped according to different classes of photoreactions in which these compounds are involved: photoinduced electron transfer process (PET), photosensitized process and photoinduced rearrangement process. In this regard, the photoreactions of carbazoles are discussed from a preparative and mechanistic viewpoints.