Characterization of novel Trichoderma spp. isolates as a search for effective biocontrollers of fungal diseases of economically important crops in Argentina

V.F. CONSOLO; C.I. MÓNACO; C.A. CORDO; G.L. SALERNO

WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY

SPRINGER

Lugar: Berlin; Año: 2012 vol. 28 p. 1389 - 1398

0959-3993

Monoconidial cultures of 33 isolates of Trichoderma from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina werecharacterized on the basis of twenty eight morphological, physiological and biochemical features. All of them were screened for proteinase, endochitinase and b-1,3 glucanase activity. Universally primed PCR (UP-PCR) and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) techniques were used toexamine the genetic variability among isolates, which resulted in 127 bands for the total number of isolates. These results were subjected to numerical analysis revealing 20 haplotypes grouped in five clusters. The ability of Trichoderma isolates to antogonize soil-borne fungal plant pathogens using a dual culture assay was done against five fungal species: Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium graminearum, F. solani, and Pyricularia oryzae. The highest inhibition values (85% RI) were obtained against B. sorokiniana and P. oryzae. Three isolates of T. harzianum named as FCCT2, FCCT3 and FCCT9 were capable of causing a high growth inhibition on four of the fungal species assayed, which was in agreement with their higher extracellular hydrolytic activity. Our results suggest that these isolates have the potential to be effective agents for biocontrol of cereal and tomato fungal pathogens.