In-plane permeability characterization of engineering textiles based on radial flow experiments: A benchmark exercise

MAY, D.; BERG, D.C.; LOMOV, S.V.; ABAIMOV, S.; ALI, M.A.; BODAGHI, M.; CHIMINELLI, A.; DANZI, M.; FRANCUCCI, G.; HANCIOGLU, M.; DELÉGLISE-LAGARDÈRE, M.; LIZARANZU, M.; MORÁN, J.; PUCCI, M.F.; SCHLEDJEWSKI, R.; SIMS, G.; THOMAS, J.; WILLENBACHER, B.; ZIEGMANN, G.; AKTAS, A.; ENDRUWEIT, A.; LONG, A.; ABLIZ, D.; ALLEN, T.D.; CAGLAR, B.; CORREIA, N.; DITTMANN, J.; GEORGE, A.; KABACHI, M.A.; LASPALAS, M.; LIOTIER, P.-J.; PARK, C.-H.; RAYNAL, J.; SCHUBNEL, R.; SOZER, E.M.; UMER, R.; YONG, A.; ADVANI, S.G.; FAUSTER, E.; MITSCHANG, P.; AKHATOV, I.; BICKERTON, S.; CAGLAR, H.; COSSON, B.; ERMANNI, P.; GRISHAEV, V.; KIND, K.; LEBEDEV, O.V.; MIDDENDORF, P.; PIPES, R.B.; RODRIGUEZ, E.S.; SHARP, N.; SOUSA, P.; WIJAYA, W.; ZAREMBA, S.

COMPOSITES. PART A, APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING

ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Año: 2019 vol. 121 p. 100 - 114

1359-835X

Although good progress was made by two international benchmark exercises on in-plane permeability, existing methods have not yet been standardized. This paper presents the results of a third benchmark exercise using in-plane permeability measurement, based on systems applying the radial unsaturated injection method. 19 participants using 20 systems characterized a non-crimp and a woven fabric at three different fiber volume contents, using a commercially available silicone oil as impregnating fluid. They followed a detailed characterization procedure and also completed a questionnaire on their set-up and analysis methods. Excluding outliers (2 of 20), the average coefficient of variation (c v ) between the participant´s results was 32% and 44% (non-crimp and woven fabric), while the average c v for individual participants was 8% and 12%, respectively. This indicates statistically significant variations between the measurement systems. Cavity deformation was identified as a major influence, besides fluid pressure/viscosity measurement, textile variations, and data analysis.