Dermal lip protuberances associated with aquatic surface respiration in juveniles of the piscivorous characid Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) (Pisces, Characidae)

SCARABOTTI, PABLO; PARMA, MARÍA JULIETA; LÓPEZ, JAVIER; GHIRARDI, ROMINA

Neotropical Ichthyology

Año: 2008

1679-6225

Some South American freshwater fishes can improve the performance of aquatic surface respiration (ASR) by developing dermal lip protuberances in the lower jaw. This adaptation was thought to be limited to omnivorous or herbivorous fishes. This work presents the first evidence that juveniles of a piscivorous characid, Salminus brasiliensis develop dermal lip protuberances during periods of hypoxia in floodplain ponds of the Salado River, in Argentina. The protuberance of S. brasiliensis involves dermal portions of both jaws exhibiting lateral lobes at the sides of the mouth disposed in the vertical plane. Water dissolved-oxygen concentrations less than or equal to 1.05 mg/L were associated with a remarkable increase in lip protuberance development. The lateral lobes of the protuberance in this species may limit the access of water to the anterior portion of the mouth that is positioned nearer the oxygenated surface water during ASR. Finally, ASR, complemented with the development of dermal lip protuberances, can be considered a valuable strategy to survive in hypoxic environments, even for carnivorous fishes with elevated oxygen requirements.