. Microcystis aeruginosa in the Río de la Plata river and Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water. First assessment of the situatio

ANDRINOLO, DAR¨ªO,; CARVAJAL, GEORGINA,; ºRODR¨ªGUEZ, JESICA,; GIANUZZI, LEDA,; ECHENIQUE, RICARDO,; MONICA BARCO,; JOSEP RIVERA; JOSEP CAIXACH

Salto Grande. Argentina-Uruguay

Taller; IV Taller Internacional sobre enfoques Regionales para el Desarrollo y Gesti¨®n de Embalses en la Cuenca del Plata; 2005

Comite Intergubernamental de Paise de la cuenca Del Plata

The objective of this work is assessing the presence of M. aeruginosa and determining the environmental conditions favoring their growth and possible ways of human exposure to these toxins. The presence of toxigenic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa between December 2004 and September 2005 was studied in the costal zone of R¨ªo de la Plata, Municipality of Ensenada, Buenos Aires Province. The study shows the presence of permanent M. aeruginosa toxic blooms on R¨ªo de la Plata between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. and September 2005 was studied in the costal zone of R¨ªo de la Plata, Municipality of Ensenada, Buenos Aires Province. The study shows the presence of permanent M. aeruginosa toxic blooms on R¨ªo de la Plata between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. environmental conditions favoring their growth and possible ways of human exposure to these toxins. The presence of toxigenic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa between December 2004 and September 2005 was studied in the costal zone of R¨ªo de la Plata, Municipality of Ensenada, Buenos Aires Province. The study shows the presence of permanent M. aeruginosa toxic blooms on R¨ªo de la Plata between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. and September 2005 was studied in the costal zone of R¨ªo de la Plata, Municipality of Ensenada, Buenos Aires Province. The study shows the presence of permanent M. aeruginosa toxic blooms on R¨ªo de la Plata between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. M. aeruginosa and determining the environmental conditions favoring their growth and possible ways of human exposure to these toxins. The presence of toxigenic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa between December 2004 and September 2005 was studied in the costal zone of R¨ªo de la Plata, Municipality of Ensenada, Buenos Aires Province. The study shows the presence of permanent M. aeruginosa toxic blooms on R¨ªo de la Plata between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. and September 2005 was studied in the costal zone of R¨ªo de la Plata, Municipality of Ensenada, Buenos Aires Province. The study shows the presence of permanent M. aeruginosa toxic blooms on R¨ªo de la Plata between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. Microcystis aeruginosa between December 2004 and September 2005 was studied in the costal zone of R¨ªo de la Plata, Municipality of Ensenada, Buenos Aires Province. The study shows the presence of permanent M. aeruginosa toxic blooms on R¨ªo de la Plata between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. aeruginosa toxic blooms on R¨ªo de la Plata between the months of December and April. Said blooms are highly toxic and would correspond to successions of different M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. M. Aeruginosa strains, each one of them with a different toxicological profile and toxicity varying between 440 and 9700 ¦Ìg microcystins per gram of dry weight. The presence of microcystins in drinking water was detected in 10 out of 13 samples taken on La Plata and Ensenada cities between December 2004 and April 2005. The conclusion is that microcystins produced by M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO. M. aeruginosa, which develops under eutrophic conditions on the R¨ªo de la Plata, reach the Drinking Water Network with values exceeding the safe limit of 1 ¦Ìg/litre recommended by the WHO.