CONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos Humanos

Variability and changes in climate extremes affect the core crop region of Argentina and may increase its vulnerability leading to unprecedented disasters. This study investigates the long-term changes and interannual variability of daily temperature and precipitation climate extremes and assesses to what extent global reanalyses reproduce the observed variability in the recent past. Datasets include quality- controlled observations (1963-2013) and ERA-Interim and NCEP2 reanalyses (1979- 2011). Climate extremes are characterized spatially and temporally by 11 indices proposed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices. A Singular Spectrum Analysis was applied to detect the leading modes of the area-averaged index time series. Nonparametric linear trends were fitted to each index time series to estimate the spatial distribution of mean changes. Temperature extremes are changing towards warmer conditions. Warm days has been increasing since 1990 while cold days has been decreasing. Warm and cold nights show a significant signal of warming that seems to be stabilizing in recent decades. Intense precipitation events in most of the region increased steadily since 1970. The annual maximum amount of 1-day precipitation events increased from the 1970s to the 2000s, stabilizing in recent years. The ERA-Interim reanalysis can recognize temperature extremes in time and space, while the older NCEP2 presents systematic biases. Both reanalyses reproduce the annual maximum 5-day precipitation with large biases. Although reanalyses would be expected to add information for climate extremes in areas of scarce observations, they still need to be used with great caution and only as a complement to observations.

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