EVALUATING COMPETENT ORGANISMS FOR TEXTILE DYE BIOREMEDIATION: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS

LAMPA AMN; GONZALEZ PAISIO Z; OLARIAGA V; ARCE-BECERRA PA; KURINA SANZ M; BONILLA JO; MAGALLANES-NOGUERA C

San Juan

Congreso; Congreso Anual de la Sociedad de Biología de Cuyo; 2023

SBC

The textile industry is the second most polluting and generates wastewater that contains a wide variety of chemical contaminants and dyes. Because of photolytic and thermal stability, along with resistance to biodegradation, textile dyes remain in the environment for a long time. Bioremediation is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology to treat this type of pollution. The knowledge of the toxic effects of competent organisms is a key to propose future strategies for environmental sanitation. For these reasons, we evaluate the toxicity of different organisms for its application in bioremediation processes. The toxicity of reaction media was also evaluated. The assessment species were Medicago sativa, Tessaria absinthioides and Daucus carota plant cells; and the fungal were Talaromyces purpureogenus, Trametes vilosa, Pleurotus djamor and Trametes sanguinea. The evaluated reaction media were Buffer Tris-HCl 50 mM pH 8 and distilled water, which are widely used to develop decolorization assays in liquid cultures. The phytotoxicity of each organism was tested using Lactuca sativa L. seeds after 120 h exposure by analyzing the Absolute Germination (GA) and the Germination Index (GI), which also considers the length of the radicle and hypocotyl. Likewise, we determined the average growth-inhibition of roots in Allium cepa after 72 h. Based on the results for reaction media, the GI values of radicle and hypocotyl in seeds of L. sativa L showed high toxicity in Tris buffer (GI=26.09-40.64) and 78% inhibition in root elongation of A. cepa. In addition, the same trend was observed for both plant and fungal treatments. D. carota and M. sativa in water evaluated on seeds of L. sativa L showed moderate toxicity, while T. absinthioides demonstrated to be innocuous with respect to the control. In the A. cepa test, the plant species showed ≤ 45% on the inhibition of root elongation, where T. absinthioides had the least inhibitory effect (13.18%). In the case of fungal species, P. djamor and T. sanguinea in water showed moderate toxicity to seeds of L. sativa L, while T. vilosa and T. purpureogenus showed no toxicity. Similar behavior was observed in the A. cepa assays, where T. purpureogenus and T. vilosa showed no inhibition and also promoted root elongation. These results position T. absinthioides, T. purpureogenus and T. vilosa as competent organisms for the development of biodegradation processes against different xenobiotics coming from the textile industry.