OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROPORTIONS OF THREE AGROINDUSTRIAL RESIDUES USED AS A SUBSTRATE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUNGI OF THE GENUS Pleurotus.

NUÑEZ RUIZ G; MARTÍN M L; LIMA B; SANTANA A

Mendoza

Congreso; XXXX Reunión Científica de la SBCuyo; 2022

Sociedad Biológica de Cuyo

The main agro-industries in the Cuyo Region, Argentina, are oil-olive and wine. In the production of olive oil and wine, numerous lignocellulosic wastes are generated. Most olive oil factories use continuous two-phase systems, generating a semi-solid residue called “alpeorujo”. While in the wineries large amounts of stem (plant structure of the grape cluster) and grape pomace are obtained. In the province of San Juan, significant amounts of pomegranate peel are produced. Due to their their high content of phenolic compounds these residues present difficulties for their final disposal and so they are polluting. The use of biotechnological processes, alone or combined with physicochemical analysis, is recommended for the treatment of these residues. In previous studies, the relevant culture conditions were found for the Solid-State Fermentation process of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eriingy on a mixture rich in alpeorujo, using the Plackett-Burman method. Likewise, the capacity of these edible fungi to degrade the phenolic compounds of the alpeorujo was determined. In the present work, we sought to optimize the proportions of the residues used as a substrate for the production of these edible mushrooms, applying the Box-Behnken (DBB) method. 15 tests were carried out for each species, 30 in total, corresponding to a DBB for 3 variables, at 3 levels, with 3 repetitions of the central point. The variables and levels tested to optimize the production of P. ostreatus and P. eriingy were percentage of alpeorujo, grape pomace and pomegranate peel (30, 40 and 50% p/p). The tests were carried out in polyethylene bags with a capacity of 500g, initial moisture content: 70% p/p, initial pH: 6.0; inoculum at 10% p/p. Incubation time: 10 days at 28°C. The response surfaces represented by the growth of mycelium were constructed and the optimal values of the variables that maximize the production of P. ostreatus were predicted, those that resulted in alpeorujo 50 % p/p, pomace of grape 40% and pomegranate peel 40 % p/p and alpeorujo 40 % p/p, pomace of grape 30% and pomegranate peel 40 % p/p for the P. eriingy. It is concluded that with the use of the Box Benhken experimental design, it was possible to find the proportions of the optimal agroindustrial waste mixtures, for the favorable growth of edible fungi.