INVESTIGADORES
BIGI Fabiana
capítulos de libros
Título:
New Vaccines against Tuberculosis
Autor/es:
MARTIN C; BIGI F; GICQUEL B
Libro:
Tuberculosis 2007
Editorial:
Flying Publisher
Referencias:
Año: 2007; p. 341 - 356
Resumen:
The current vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is a
live vaccine derived from an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis. BCG protects
against severe childhood forms of the disease, but fails to protect against adult
pulmonary TB in countries in which it is endemic. For more than 80 years, no new
TB vaccine has successfully been developed. With TB eradication on the horizon,
new vaccines with better protection than BCG are urgently needed.
The development of an effective TB vaccine seemed impossible until only a few
years ago. In the last ten years of work with experimental laboratory models, many
vaccine candidates have been developed. They include protein or DNA-subunit
vaccines, modified BCG, and attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some of
these candidates are now being tested for safety and immunogenicity in human
volunteers. For the first time, Phase I clinical trials of new TB vaccine candidates
have started. Many of these new trials involve recombinant BCG or improved BCG
immunity by boosting with vaccines consisting of subunits or attenuated Vaccinia
virus expressing TB antigens. However, effective vaccination against TB presents
diverse and complex challenges. For example, TB infection can become reactivated
years later and infection does not guarantee resistance to a subsequent second infection.
A truly effective TB vaccine may, therefore, have to elicit an immune response
that is greater than that induced by natural infection. In addition, various
different populations have to be protected: they include those vaccinated with
BCG, and those infected with M. tuberculosis or with HIV.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
these candidates are now being tested for safety and immunogenicity in human
volunteers. For the first time, Phase I clinical trials of new TB vaccine candidates
have started. Many of these new trials involve recombinant BCG or improved BCG
immunity by boosting with vaccines consisting of subunits or attenuated Vaccinia
virus expressing TB antigens. However, effective vaccination against TB presents
diverse and complex challenges. For example, TB infection can become reactivated
years later and infection does not guarantee resistance to a subsequent second infection.
A truly effective TB vaccine may, therefore, have to elicit an immune response
that is greater than that induced by natural infection. In addition, various
different populations have to be protected: they include those vaccinated with
BCG, and those infected with M. tuberculosis or with HIV.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
against severe childhood forms of the disease, but fails to protect against adult
pulmonary TB in countries in which it is endemic. For more than 80 years, no new
TB vaccine has successfully been developed. With TB eradication on the horizon,
new vaccines with better protection than BCG are urgently needed.
The development of an effective TB vaccine seemed impossible until only a few
years ago. In the last ten years of work with experimental laboratory models, many
vaccine candidates have been developed. They include protein or DNA-subunit
vaccines, modified BCG, and attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some of
these candidates are now being tested for safety and immunogenicity in human
volunteers. For the first time, Phase I clinical trials of new TB vaccine candidates
have started. Many of these new trials involve recombinant BCG or improved BCG
immunity by boosting with vaccines consisting of subunits or attenuated Vaccinia
virus expressing TB antigens. However, effective vaccination against TB presents
diverse and complex challenges. For example, TB infection can become reactivated
years later and infection does not guarantee resistance to a subsequent second infection.
A truly effective TB vaccine may, therefore, have to elicit an immune response
that is greater than that induced by natural infection. In addition, various
different populations have to be protected: they include those vaccinated with
BCG, and those infected with M. tuberculosis or with HIV.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
these candidates are now being tested for safety and immunogenicity in human
volunteers. For the first time, Phase I clinical trials of new TB vaccine candidates
have started. Many of these new trials involve recombinant BCG or improved BCG
immunity by boosting with vaccines consisting of subunits or attenuated Vaccinia
virus expressing TB antigens. However, effective vaccination against TB presents
diverse and complex challenges. For example, TB infection can become reactivated
years later and infection does not guarantee resistance to a subsequent second infection.
A truly effective TB vaccine may, therefore, have to elicit an immune response
that is greater than that induced by natural infection. In addition, various
different populations have to be protected: they include those vaccinated with
BCG, and those infected with M. tuberculosis or with HIV.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
Mycobacterium bovis. BCG protects
against severe childhood forms of the disease, but fails to protect against adult
pulmonary TB in countries in which it is endemic. For more than 80 years, no new
TB vaccine has successfully been developed. With TB eradication on the horizon,
new vaccines with better protection than BCG are urgently needed.
The development of an effective TB vaccine seemed impossible until only a few
years ago. In the last ten years of work with experimental laboratory models, many
vaccine candidates have been developed. They include protein or DNA-subunit
vaccines, modified BCG, and attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some of
these candidates are now being tested for safety and immunogenicity in human
volunteers. For the first time, Phase I clinical trials of new TB vaccine candidates
have started. Many of these new trials involve recombinant BCG or improved BCG
immunity by boosting with vaccines consisting of subunits or attenuated Vaccinia
virus expressing TB antigens. However, effective vaccination against TB presents
diverse and complex challenges. For example, TB infection can become reactivated
years later and infection does not guarantee resistance to a subsequent second infection.
A truly effective TB vaccine may, therefore, have to elicit an immune response
that is greater than that induced by natural infection. In addition, various
different populations have to be protected: they include those vaccinated with
BCG, and those infected with M. tuberculosis or with HIV.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
these candidates are now being tested for safety and immunogenicity in human
volunteers. For the first time, Phase I clinical trials of new TB vaccine candidates
have started. Many of these new trials involve recombinant BCG or improved BCG
immunity by boosting with vaccines consisting of subunits or attenuated Vaccinia
virus expressing TB antigens. However, effective vaccination against TB presents
diverse and complex challenges. For example, TB infection can become reactivated
years later and infection does not guarantee resistance to a subsequent second infection.
A truly effective TB vaccine may, therefore, have to elicit an immune response
that is greater than that induced by natural infection. In addition, various
different populations have to be protected: they include those vaccinated with
BCG, and those infected with M. tuberculosis or with HIV.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some of
these candidates are now being tested for safety and immunogenicity in human
volunteers. For the first time, Phase I clinical trials of new TB vaccine candidates
have started. Many of these new trials involve recombinant BCG or improved BCG
immunity by boosting with vaccines consisting of subunits or attenuated Vaccinia
virus expressing TB antigens. However, effective vaccination against TB presents
diverse and complex challenges. For example, TB infection can become reactivated
years later and infection does not guarantee resistance to a subsequent second infection.
A truly effective TB vaccine may, therefore, have to elicit an immune response
that is greater than that induced by natural infection. In addition, various
different populations have to be protected: they include those vaccinated with
BCG, and those infected with M. tuberculosis or with HIV.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.
M. tuberculosis or with HIV.
The goal is a new generation of vaccines effective against the transmissible respiratory
forms of TB. Good candidate vaccines able to boost BCG, thereby improving
protection, could be a reality in the short term. The second step is to obtain a
new generation of vaccines able to replace the currently used BCG and make the
eradication of TB feasible. These new vaccines can be expected in the middle term,
and live vaccines are reliable and promising candidates. Indeed, these ultimate
goals may require safe live vaccines.