Nitric oxide-mediated regulation of the physiological and molecular responses induced by Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation in plants

FERNÁNDEZ, MARÍA BELÉN; LATORRE, LUCAS; LUKASZEWICZ, GERMÁN; CASSIA, RAÚL

NITRIC OXIDE IN PLANT BIOLOGY An Ancient Molecule with Emerging Role

Elsevier

Año: 2021; p. 769 - 799

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical described a little bit more than 40 years ago in plants. Inthese years scientific community have showed that NO, due to its highly reactivity, is analmost universal inter- and intracellular signaling molecule regulating an astonishing rangeof different cellular functions in plants from development to plant response to stress. Thanksto crucial and extensive analysis over last years it appears that the main mechanism of actionof NO is due to its ability to directly modify proteins through covalent posttranslationalmodifications (PTMs). This capacity makes NO to be involved in regulation of reactive oxygenspecies (ROS) and phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, metabolic changes, and geneexpression within the cell metabolism. Cross-talk with different signaling pathways such asoxidation, ubiquitinylation/degradation via the proteasome, and phosphorylation has beenalso showed for NO in plants. Different key questions related with NO metabolism remains tobe clarified, however. Although several pathways for NO biosynthesis have been described inplants, including reductive and oxidative ones, cross-regulation between the differentpathways, identification of the specific source under specific conditions, and the mainenzymatic oxidative source of NO remains elusive. Detection and quantification of NO withinthe cell and cross-talk with other redox molecules need to be further explored to get a deeperinsight into NO bioactivity in plant cells. Exploring functional effects of NO-dependent PTMson new targets, applying experience gained in crops and technological advances will complete our view about NO in plant cell metabolism and yield in future years.In these two volumes, different chapters address our current knowledge and challengesabout NO biosynthesis and homeostasis (Seabra et al., 2021; Hussain et al., 2021; Reda et al.,2021; Planchet, 2021; Nejamkin et al., 2021) and plant metabolism adjustment after exogenously applied NO (Rasheed et al., 2021). NO sensing through the ubiquitin-proteasomesystem is also discussed by Iglesias et al. (2021). Likewise, debated are interactions with othersignaling molecules such as secondary metabolites (Onder et al., 2021), phytohormones inplant development (Kaszler et al., 2021), and in plant response to abiotic stress (Bakshi et al.,2021), polyamines (Kumar et al., 2021), hydrogen sulfide (Li, 2021), ROS (Imran et al., 2021),and hydrogen peroxide (Janicka et al., 2021). Two chapters are related with a special group ofspecies such as halophytes (Ben Hamed, 2021) and the symbiotic organisms known as Lichens (Expo´sito et al., 2021). NO function in plant response abiotic stress in general (Yadav etal., 2021) and specific abiotic stresses such as drought (Ullah et al., 2021), temperature (Benko}et al., 2021), flooding (Da-Silva and do Amarante, 2021), phytotoxicity (Staszek et al., 2021),metal stress (Groppa et al., 2021), heavy metal (Ohri et al., 2021), and UV-B radiation(Ferna´ndez et al., 2021) are also covered. NO function in plant disease resistance in chapterdeveloped by Kaur and Gupta (2021), in fruit ripening (Dhal and Pal, 2021), and in lateral rootdevelopment (Wimalasekera and Scherer, 2021) are also discussed. As part of NO-signalingmechanisms, NO targets in plastids (Dubey et al., 2021), NO-dependent PTMs under abioticstress (Zhang and Liao, 2021), NO-dependent stomatal movements (Banerjee and Roychoudhury, 2021), and NO-dependent gene regulation (Iranbakhsh et al., 2021) have beencovered also in these two volumes book.Thus in this edited book, efforts are being made to compile NO-related research fromdifferent laboratories of the world in order to make it easily accessible to researchers, students, academicians, and so forth. Overall, we strongly believe that this book will serve as animportant resource material for researchers, academicians, and students in understandingvarious aspects of NO-related functions in plants under normal as well as stressfulconditions