Personalized Medicine and Drug Metabolism

ALAN TALEVI; CAROLINA L. BELLERA

The ADME Encyclopedia. A Comprehensive Guide on Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics

Springer Nature

Año: 2022; p. 781 - 786

The Precision Medicine Initiative (a nationwide program sponsored by the United States? NationalInstitutes of Health) defines precision medicine as ?an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle foreach person? [1]. Precision medicine is closely related to personalized and stratified medicine,and all these terms are frequently applied interchangeably, although subtle distinctions between them have been underlined [1, 2]. At present, it is clear that more efficacious and safer therapeutic interventions are to be expected if tailored to the specific variations in a person?s genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. The scope of personalized medicine has been considerably expanded by genotyping technologies (particularly, next-generation sequencing and microarray biochips), as well as state-of-the-art computing able to process large datasets.Genetic polymorphisms in the genes that encode for drug metabolizing enzymes are recognizedas an important (though partial) source ofinterindividual variability in the response to pharmacological interventions [3, 4]. Assessing the specific, pharmacokinetically relevant geneticvariants present in a patient can help the clinician to make informed decisions on treatment choicesin an individualized manner, e.g., dose adjustment or contraindication of a given drug.