Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations

BOSSON, JENNIFER K.; JUREK, PAWE?; VANDELLO, JOSEPH A.; KOSAKOWSKA-BEREZECKA, NATASZA; OLECH, MICHA?; BESTA, TOMASZ; BENDER, MICHAEL; HOORENS, VERA; BECKER, MAJA; TIMUR SEVINCER, A.; BEST, DEBORAH L.; SAFDAR, SABA; W?ODARCZYK, ANNA; ZAWISZA, MAGDALENA; ?ADKOWSKA, MAGDALENA; ABUHAMDEH, SAMI; BADU AGYEMANG, COLLINS; AKBA?, GÜLÇIN; ALBAYRAK-AYDEMIR, NIHAN; AMMIRATI, SOLINE; ANDERSON, JOEL; ANJUM, GULNAZ; ARIYANTO, AMARINA; JAMIR BENZON R. ARUTA, JOHN; ASHRAF, MUJEEBA; BAKAITYT?, AIST?; BERTOLLI, CHIARA; BËRXULLI, DASHAMIR; BI, CHONGZENG; BLOCK, KATHARINA; BOEHNKE, MANDY; BONGIORNO, RENATA; BOSAK, JANINE; CASINI, ANNALISA; CHEN, QINGWEI; CHI, PEILIAN; CUBELA ADORIC, VERA; DAALMANS, SERENA; DANDY, JUSTINE; LEMUS, SOLEDAD DE; DHAKAL, SANDESH; DVORIANCHIKOV, NIKOLAY; EGAMI, SONOKO; ETCHEZAHAR, EDGARDO; SOFIA ESTEVES, CARLA; FELIX, NETO; FROEHLICH, LAURA; GARCIA-SANCHEZ, EFRAIN; GAVRELIUC, ALIN; GAVRELIUC, DANA; GOMEZ, ÁNGEL; GUIZZO, FRANCESCA; GRAF, SYLVIE; GREIJDANUS, HEDY; GRIGORYAN, ANI; GRZYMA?A-MOSZCZY?SKA, JOA

JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY

SAGE Publications Inc.

Año: 2021 vol. 52 p. 231 - 258

0022-0221

Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB?s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.