INVESTIGADORES
DE MARSICO Maria Cecilia
artículos
Título:
Host use by generalist and specialist brood parasitic cowbirds at population and individual levels
Autor/es:
DE MÁRSICO, MARÍA CECILIA; MAHLER, BETTINA; CHOMNALEZ, MANUELA; DI GIÁCOMO, ALEJANDRO G.; REBOREDA, JUAN CARLOS
Revista:
ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR
Editorial:
ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC
Referencias:
Año: 2010 vol. 42 p. 83 - 121
ISSN:
0065-3454
Resumen:
We analyzed host use at population and individual levels in the host-generalist shiny
cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) and in the host-specialist screaming cowbird (M.
rufoaxillaris). At the population level shiny cowbirds were less generalists than previously
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
rufoaxillaris). At the population level shiny cowbirds were less generalists than previously
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
rufoaxillaris). At the population level shiny cowbirds were less generalists than previously
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
assumed and host use varied considerably among regions. There was, however, no clear
preference for host species, since we found no associations between frequency of parasitism
and hosts body mass, type of nest or genetic distance between host and parasite. Regarding
screaming cowbirds, frequency and intensity of parasitism varied among host populations.
Parasitic eggs and chicks were equally successful in the primary and secondary hosts, but
they experienced high mortality rates when transferred to other suitable, but unused hosts.
Screaming and shiny cowbirds overlapped little in host use and had no apparent effect on
each others success when reared together in a common host. At the individual level, there
was an association between mtDNA haplotypes of shiny and screaming cowbird chicks and
the hosts in whose nests they were found, indicating that nest choice by parasitic females is
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by females can lead to the formation of host
specific races and how the occurrence of recognition errors and social learning can lead to the
colonization of new hosts.
not random. We discuss how host imprinting by fem