Sulfur Mineralization: A Key Process for Diagnosing Its Deficiency in Wheat

CARCIOCHI, WALTER D.; MATEOS, JULIÁN; DIVITO, GUILLERMO A.; INCHAUSPE, FACUNDO MATEOS; SAINZ ROZAS, HERNÁN R.

SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL

SOIL SCI SOC AMER

Año: 2019 vol. 83 p. 1553 - 1563

0361-5995

Consideration of S mineralization could aid the development of S diagnosticmethods in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) but this process has not been investigatedunder field conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate:(i) the use of a simplified S balance to quantify apparent S mineralization(Smin-app) during the wheat growing cycle, (ii) the relationship between Smin-appand S mineralization indicators [N mineralized in anaerobic incubation (Nan)and total and particulate organic C (TOC and POC)], and (iii) the reliability ofthe proposed S mineralization indicators (Nan, TOC, and POC) for diagnosing Savailability alone or combined with SO4 2-?S content at sowing (Sini). Fourteenfield experiments were conducted to evaluate grain yield in response to S fertilization.Soil samples were taken before sowing and Sini, Nan, TOC, and POC were determined. Additionally, Smin-app was calculated in 7 out of 14 experiments through a simplified S balance. The main outcomes were: (i) Smin-app allowed us to compare S mineralization capacity among soils and was closely related to relative wheat grain yield (R2 = 0.92), (ii) Smin-app was related to Sini, Nan, TOC, and POC, (iii) POC was the S mineralization indicator that had the best performance for diagnosing S deficiency and its use in combination with Sini allowed for satisfactory diagnosis of S status in wheat via the equation:relative grain yield = 81.5 + (0.19 × Sini) + (1.56 × POC) (Ra 2 = 0.66). Sulfurmineralization proved to be an important process for wheat S nutrition.