INVESTIGADORES
VIZCAINO Sergio Fabian
artículos
Título:
First gondwanatherian mammal from Antarctica
Autor/es:
GOIN, F.J. M.A. REGUERO, R. PASCUAL, W. VON KOENIGSWALD, M.O. WOODBURNE, J.A. CASE, S.A. MARENSSI, C. VIEYTES1& S.F. VIZCAÍNO
Revista:
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SPECIAL PUBLICATION
Editorial:
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
Referencias:
Año: 2006 p. 135 - 144
ISSN:
0305-8719
Resumen:
Abstract: Gondwanatherians are an enigmatic group of extinct non-therian mammals
apparently restricted to some of the western Gondwanan continents (Late Cretaceous
early Palaeocene of South America, and Late Cretaceous of Madagascar and India). They
developed rodent-like incisors and the earliest known hypsodont cheek-teeth among
mammals. Recently, a small rodent-like dentary fragment was recovered from middle
Eocene beds on the Antarctic Peninsula, preserving part of the incisor; both the incisor
enamel structure and the mandibular morphology suggest close affinities with Sudamerica
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
apparently restricted to some of the western Gondwanan continents (Late Cretaceous
early Palaeocene of South America, and Late Cretaceous of Madagascar and India). They
developed rodent-like incisors and the earliest known hypsodont cheek-teeth among
mammals. Recently, a small rodent-like dentary fragment was recovered from middle
Eocene beds on the Antarctic Peninsula, preserving part of the incisor; both the incisor
enamel structure and the mandibular morphology suggest close affinities with Sudamerica
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
apparently restricted to some of the western Gondwanan continents (Late Cretaceous
early Palaeocene of South America, and Late Cretaceous of Madagascar and India). They
developed rodent-like incisors and the earliest known hypsodont cheek-teeth among
mammals. Recently, a small rodent-like dentary fragment was recovered from middle
Eocene beds on the Antarctic Peninsula, preserving part of the incisor; both the incisor
enamel structure and the mandibular morphology suggest close affinities with Sudamerica
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
apparently restricted to some of the western Gondwanan continents (Late Cretaceous
early Palaeocene of South America, and Late Cretaceous of Madagascar and India). They
developed rodent-like incisors and the earliest known hypsodont cheek-teeth among
mammals. Recently, a small rodent-like dentary fragment was recovered from middle
Eocene beds on the Antarctic Peninsula, preserving part of the incisor; both the incisor
enamel structure and the mandibular morphology suggest close affinities with Sudamerica
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
apparently restricted to some of the western Gondwanan continents (Late Cretaceous
early Palaeocene of South America, and Late Cretaceous of Madagascar and India). They
developed rodent-like incisors and the earliest known hypsodont cheek-teeth among
mammals. Recently, a small rodent-like dentary fragment was recovered from middle
Eocene beds on the Antarctic Peninsula, preserving part of the incisor; both the incisor
enamel structure and the mandibular morphology suggest close affinities with Sudamerica
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Gondwanatherians are an enigmatic group of extinct non-therian mammals
apparently restricted to some of the western Gondwanan continents (Late Cretaceous
early Palaeocene of South America, and Late Cretaceous of Madagascar and India). They
developed rodent-like incisors and the earliest known hypsodont cheek-teeth among
mammals. Recently, a small rodent-like dentary fragment was recovered from middle
Eocene beds on the Antarctic Peninsula, preserving part of the incisor; both the incisor
enamel structure and the mandibular morphology suggest close affinities with Sudamerica
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
ameghinoi from the early Palaeocene of Patagonia, up to now the youngest known Gondwanatheria.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographical
role of Antarctica during the CretaceousTertiary mammalian transition.
Thus, the new specimen becomes the youngest occurrence of a gondwanathere,
adding significant direct and indirect evidence on: (1) the already documented cosmopolitanism
of gondwanatheres among Gondwanan mammals; and (2) the crucial biogeographi