Fe dependent cellular alterations of oxidative balance in aquatic organisms. Could be ferroptosis involved?

GONZÁLEZ PAULA M.; CABRERA, JOAQUIN; PUNTARULO SUSANA

Biocell

Tech Science Press

Año: 2023 vol. 47 p. 1177 - 1189

The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the central role ofiron (Fe) in terms of cellular alterations of the oxidative/protective balancewith special emphasis in its possible involvement of ferroptosis-dependentdisruption in aquatic organisms. In ferroptotic cells or tissues, theintracellular Fe level is increased meanwhile the treatment with Fe chelatorslimits ferroptosis. Eukaryotic algae can assimilate Fe from the environmentthrough several mechanisms, and aquatic animals incorporate dissolved Fe and Febound to both inorganic particles and organic matter. The central role of lipidperoxidation mediating ferroptosis was demonstrated in some algae where bothlow and high Fe concentrations could induce oxidative stress and programmedcell death.Aquaticanimals have high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) andnumerous studies have analyzed Fe effects on the lipidic fraction which couldbe related to ferroptosis. The ferroptosis reaction can be regulated throughthe antioxidant defense system, in combination with the protein degradationstructure, metabolism, and gene transcription. An early depletion ofnon-enzymatic antioxidants like reduced glutathione (GSH) in animals, and bythe reduction of both, GSH and ascorbate in photosynthetic organisms, are characteristicfeatures of ferroptosis. Therefore, ifFe chelators, certain antioxidants, and specifically regulating genes areactivated, the ferroptosis can be prevented. Thus, it seems that the globalscenario for the Fe role as a toxic component in biological systems is evenmore complicated than it was previously understood. Much more research on thissubject is needed to improve life span and survival of aquatic organisms afterexposure to natural and anthropogenic adverse conditions.