Genomic diversity and phylodynamic of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Argentina

SPETTER MAXIMILIANO; LOUGE URIARTE ENRIQUE; VERNA, ANDREA; LEUNDA MR; PEREYRA SUSANA; ODEON ANSELMO; GONZALEZ ALTAMIRANDA ERIKA ANALIA

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2021

1567-1348

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen of ruminants worldwide and is characterized byhigh genetic diversity and a wide range of clinical presentations. In Argentina, several studies have evaluated thegenetic diversity of BVDV but no phylodynamic study has been published yet. In this study, a comprehensivecompilation and update of Argentinean BVDV sequences were performed, and the evolutionary history of BVDVwas characterized by phylodynamic analyses based on the 5´UTR. Although BVDV-1b and BVDV-1a were the mostfrequent subtypes, novel subtypes for Argentina, 1e and 1i, were identified. The phylodynamic analysis suggestedthat BVDV started its diversification in the mid-1650s with an exponential increase in viral diversity since thelate 1990s, possibly related to the livestock expansion and intensification in the country. Evolutionary rate in the5´UTR was faster for BVDV-1a than for BVDV-1b, and both subtypes presented an endemic nature according tothe demographic reconstructions. The current study contributes to clarify the evolutionary history of BVDV in themain cattle region of the country and provides useful information about the epidemiology and future developmentof diagnostic and control tools in Argentina.