Citronellol-based hydrophobic NADES: physicochemical characterization and analytical applications focused on NSAIDs extractions

SAMUELSEN LUCEA, CLAUS; LORENZETTI, ANABELA; GOMEZ, FEDERICO J.V.; SILVA, MARÍA FERNANDA; DOMINI, CLAUDIA

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Año: 2025 vol. 438

0167-7322

The widespread presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in aquatic environments has raisedconcerns due to their persistence and ecological impact. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) have emergedas promising green alternatives for the extraction of organic pollutants.Four novel NADES were prepared combining citronellol with menthol, camphor, capric acid and borneol.Their properties were studied through measurements of viscosity, density, pH, conductivity, spectroscopicproperties (UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence, FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry. These characterizations provided insight into the structural and thermal behavior of the solvents, key to understanding theirextraction performance and analytical potential.The results demonstrated that specific eutectic mixtures, particularly those with low viscosity and suitableacidity, achieved high extraction efficiencies (above 90 %). Additionally, some NADES exhibited intrinsicfluorescence signals, with a linear response in the presence of NSAIDs, suggesting their potential utility as greensolvents in analytical methods. Moreover, citronellol-based NADES show promise as environmentally friendlysolvents for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from water.