The photoprotection strategy: a facultative condition?

GARCIA, P. E.; PEREZ, A. P.; M. C. DIEGUEZ; FERRARO, M. A.; H. E.ZAGARESE

Mendoza

Congreso; 21st I-APS Conference.; 2011

Inter-American Photochemical Society

Photo-protection by pigments is one the most widespread strategies used by planktonic organisms to protect from harmful levels of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) (290-400 nm). This strategy includes the acquisition and/or production of chemical compounds such as carotenoids, mycosporines-like amino acids and melanins in processes regulated by light quality and temperature. In this study, we analyzed the ability of two different populations of Boeckella gracilipes (Crustacea: Copepoda) to bio-accumulate Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs) under PAR+UVA in a temperature gradient (5 temperatures, from 5¨¬C to 20¨¬C). Individuals of B. gracilipes from different lakes were use for this trial. Copepods from a population of Lake Morenito (Maximum depth of the Lake= 12m) bear naturally low MAAs concentration (3.06 ¡¾ 0.82 ¥ìg mg-1 D. W.) and avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes use for this trial. Copepods from a population of Lake Morenito (Maximum depth of the Lake= 12m) bear naturally low MAAs concentration (3.06 ¡¾ 0.82 ¥ìg mg-1 D. W.) and avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs) under PAR+UVA in a temperature gradient (5 temperatures, from 5¨¬C to 20¨¬C). Individuals of B. gracilipes from different lakes were use for this trial. Copepods from a population of Lake Morenito (Maximum depth of the Lake= 12m) bear naturally low MAAs concentration (3.06 ¡¾ 0.82 ¥ìg mg-1 D. W.) and avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes use for this trial. Copepods from a population of Lake Morenito (Maximum depth of the Lake= 12m) bear naturally low MAAs concentration (3.06 ¡¾ 0.82 ¥ìg mg-1 D. W.) and avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes Boeckella gracilipes (Crustacea: Copepoda) to bio-accumulate Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs) under PAR+UVA in a temperature gradient (5 temperatures, from 5¨¬C to 20¨¬C). Individuals of B. gracilipes from different lakes were use for this trial. Copepods from a population of Lake Morenito (Maximum depth of the Lake= 12m) bear naturally low MAAs concentration (3.06 ¡¾ 0.82 ¥ìg mg-1 D. W.) and avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes use for this trial. Copepods from a population of Lake Morenito (Maximum depth of the Lake= 12m) bear naturally low MAAs concentration (3.06 ¡¾ 0.82 ¥ìg mg-1 D. W.) and avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes gracilipes from different lakes were use for this trial. Copepods from a population of Lake Morenito (Maximum depth of the Lake= 12m) bear naturally low MAAs concentration (3.06 ¡¾ 0.82 ¥ìg mg-1 D. W.) and avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes -1 D. W.) and avoid the UVR by remaining into deeper water layers during daytime. Meanwhile, copepods from the shallow mountain Lake Verde (Maximum depth of the lake= 5m, 1545 m. a.s.l) and highly expose to solar radiation have naturally much higher MAAs concentration (8.62 ¡¾ 3.19 ¥ìg mg-1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipes -1 D.W.). HPLC analysis identified 5 different MAAs: MAA-332, Porphyra-334, Mycosporine-Glicine, Shinorine and Palithene. B. gracilipesgracilipes from Lake Morenito has large concentration of MAA-332 but low Mycosporine-Glicine, whereas copepods from Lake Verde showed the opposite pattern. Additionally, the copepods from Lake Morenito have much higher concentration of Shinorine compare with the copepods from Lake Verde. Maximum accumulation of MAAs was observed in the trials at 8¨¬C in B. gracilipes from Lake Morenito and at 16¨¬C in the copepods from Lake Verde; and in both cases, there was a significant interaction between temperature and UVR. The copepods from Lake Morenito did in fact increase MAAs. Although both copepods populations have different photo-protection strategies in their natural environment, they can be induced to accumulate MAAs through UV exposure, with different efficiency depending on temperature. Lake Verde; and in both cases, there was a significant interaction between temperature and UVR. The copepods from Lake Morenito did in fact increase MAAs. Although both copepods populations have different photo-protection strategies in their natural environment, they can be induced to accumulate MAAs through UV exposure, with different efficiency depending on temperature. gracilipes from Lake Morenito and at 16¨¬C in the copepods from Lake Verde; and in both cases, there was a significant interaction between temperature and UVR. The copepods from Lake Morenito did in fact increase MAAs. Although both copepods populations have different photo-protection strategies in their natural environment, they can be induced to accumulate MAAs through UV exposure, with different efficiency depending on temperature.