PROIMI   05436
PLANTA PILOTO DE PROCESOS INDUSTRIALES MICROBIOLOGICOS
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
Soil actinobacteria. Application examples of their use as agents of bioremediation
Autor/es:
SAEZ JM; APARICIO JD; SIMÓN SOLÁ MZ; ALVAREZ A; BRICEÑO MUÑOZ G; BENIMELI CS
Lugar:
Pucon
Reunión:
Workshop; 5th International Workshop Advances in Science and Technology of Bioresources; 2015
Resumen:
Pesticides have been extensively use to protect and improve quality and quantity of food commodities, building materials, clothing, animal health, and to combat certain diseases transmitted by insect vectors to man and animals. However, indiscriminate use of pesticides has caused serious concern about toxic effects by residues on non-target organisms. Because of extensive use in the northwest of Argentina, residues are present in the main hydrographic system of Tucumán. Consequently, it is imperative to develop methods to remove it from the environment. Bioremediation technologies, which use microorganisms and/or plants to degrade toxic contaminants, have become the focus of interest. Microorganisms play a significant role in the transformation and degradation of xenobiotic compounds.Among Gram-positive microorganisms, actinobacteria have a great potential for biodegradation of organic and inorganic toxic compounds. Actinobacteria are morphologically and metabolically complex bacteria that represent an important component of microbial soil biodiversity. Depending on the taxon, they may produce branched rods, complex mycelial structures and spore bodies, motile or nonmotile rods. Most recent studies carried out in our laboratory have isolated and characterized Streptomyces sp. strains able of degrading organochlorine pesticides (OP), including lindane, metoxychlor and chlordane, and some strains are proposed to be used for soil decontamination. Streptomyces sp. may be well suited for soil inoculation because of their mycelial growth habit, relatively rapid rates of growth, colonization of semiselective substrates and their ability to be genetically manipulated. For soil bioremediation purposes, one additional advantage is that the vegetative hyphal mass of these microorganisms can differentiate into spores that assist in spreading and persisting. This can be seen as adaptation to living in soil, especially to extreme environmental conditions such as scant nutrients, intense salt load and low pH, as well as contamination. The assayed Streptomyces strains were able to remove OP in percentages ranging from 20 to 60%, depending on the used matrix, such as liquid media, soils and soil slurries, as pure and mixed cultures, with free and immobilized cells.