INVESTIGADORES
CIAPPONI AgustÍn
libros
Título:
Systematic review of the link between tobacco and poverty
Autor/es:
A. CIAPPONI
Editorial:
World Health Organization
Referencias:
Lugar: Ginebra; Año: 2011 p. 222
ISSN:
978-92-4-150054-8
Resumen:
ACKGROUND This study explores the link between tobacco use and poverty, as well as the broader relationship between income, tobacco use, and tobacco-related health consequences, using a meta-analysis of existing research literature. An estimated 5 million deaths are caused by tobacco each year, with this fi gure expected to reach more than 8 million per year by 2030 given current trends in tobacco use. The proportion of this burden borne by people living in low- and middle-income countries at that time is expected to be above 80%. Many of the risks to health and life caused by tobacco consumption develop over a long period of time. However, tobacco use can also infl ict immediate harm on users and their families ? for example, when scarce family resources are spent on tobacco products instead of other essential needs. Even a small diversion of the resources of poor families who live at or below the edge of poverty can have a signifi cant impact on their health and nutrition, and in many countries the percentage of total expenditures allocated for tobacco products was highest for the lowest-income households. The association between socioeconomic position and health risk factors varies over time and between regions of the world. Smoking is acknowledged to be a contributor to differences in mortality and morbidity between socioeconomic groups, especially in key diseases. A signifi cant variation in the prevalence of use of tobacco is based on income level, in addition to other variables including ethnicity, altitude of residence, occupation, and religion. The aim of this study is to assess the association between income level and tobacco consumption, tobacco expenditures, and morbidity and mortality attributed to tobacco.