A molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae.

MARX, HANNAH; O'LEARY, NATALY; YUAN, YAOW; LU-IRVING, PATRICIA; TANK, DAVID; MÚLGURA MARÍA EMA; OLMSTEAD, RICHARD

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY

BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC

Lugar: Missouri; Año: 2010 vol. 97 p. 1647 - 1663

0002-9122

<!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> Abstract – Verbenaceae consist of trees, shrubs, lianas, and herbs distributed primarily in Latin America where they occur in a wide array of ecosystems.  Analysis of chloroplast ndhF and trnLF sequences for 109 species representing all genera, except one monotypic genus, provide inference into evolutionary relationships in Verbenaceae and show that traditional classifications do not reflect phylogenetic relationships very well.  Eight clades are recognized as tribes (Casselieae, Citharexyleae, Duranteae, Lantaneae, Neospartoneae trib. nov., Petreae, Priveae, Verbeneae).  Two genera, Dipyrena and Rhaphithamnus, remain unplaced in these larger clades.  Petreae, consisting of Neotropical lianas, are sister to the rest of the family.  Lantaneae and Verbeneae together form a derived clade comprising approximately two-thirds of the species in Verbenaceae.  One new tribe, Neospartoneae trib. nov., is recognized to accommodate three small genera of Argentine species (Diostea, Neosparton, Lampaya).  A secondary distribution in Verbenaceae occurs mostly in Africa, with a few species in Europe and Asia.  Phylogenetic inference suggests a South American origin for Verbenaceae, with approximately six colonization events giving rise to the Old World species.