INVESTIGADORES
RODRIGUEZ maria victoria
artículos
Título:
Range Management Affects Native Ungulate Populations
Autor/es:
NABTE MARCELA JANINA; MARINO, ANDREA; RODRÍGUEZ, MARIA VICTORIA; MONJEAU, ADRIAN; SABA, SERGIO
Revista:
PLOS ONE
Editorial:
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
Referencias:
Lugar: San Francisco; Año: 2013 vol. 8 p. 1 - 7
ISSN:
1932-6203
Resumen:
Sheep rearing is the main productive activity in Patagonian rangelands, where guanacos are the only native ungulate.
Ranchers perceive a decrease in range carrying capacity as guanaco numbers increase, therefore guanaco conservation
within private lands becomes a considerable challenge. This issue is particularly evident in the World Natural Heritage
Pený´nsula Valde´s (PV), where there is a need to harmonize livestock production and biodiversity conservation. While sheep
rearing prevails as the primary land use in the area, some ecotourism initiatives have been implemented to complement
livestock production. In order to study how land use affected guanaco distribution, we characterized PV?s ranches in terms
of land subdivision, primary productivity, stocking-rate and management type, and assess how these variables affected
guanaco encounter rates. Smaller ranches were composed of smaller paddocks (mean size 4.8 km2), which showed higher
values of the remote-sensing derived Enhance Vegetation Index (EVI) (mean 0.14) and held higher sheep densities (mean
108.0 sheep/km2), while larger management units (mean size 23.8 km2), showed lower EVI values (mean 0.12) and lower
stocking-rates (mean 36.7 sheep/km2). This pattern suggests that primary productivity has been a decisive factor to
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
stocking-rates (mean 36.7 sheep/km2). This pattern suggests that primary productivity has been a decisive factor to
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
values of the remote-sensing derived Enhance Vegetation Index (EVI) (mean 0.14) and held higher sheep densities (mean
108.0 sheep/km2), while larger management units (mean size 23.8 km2), showed lower EVI values (mean 0.12) and lower
stocking-rates (mean 36.7 sheep/km2). This pattern suggests that primary productivity has been a decisive factor to
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
stocking-rates (mean 36.7 sheep/km2). This pattern suggests that primary productivity has been a decisive factor to
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
2), which showed higher
values of the remote-sensing derived Enhance Vegetation Index (EVI) (mean 0.14) and held higher sheep densities (mean
108.0 sheep/km2), while larger management units (mean size 23.8 km2), showed lower EVI values (mean 0.12) and lower
stocking-rates (mean 36.7 sheep/km2). This pattern suggests that primary productivity has been a decisive factor to
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
stocking-rates (mean 36.7 sheep/km2). This pattern suggests that primary productivity has been a decisive factor to
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
2), while larger management units (mean size 23.8 km2), showed lower EVI values (mean 0.12) and lower
stocking-rates (mean 36.7 sheep/km2). This pattern suggests that primary productivity has been a decisive factor to
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.
2). This pattern suggests that primary productivity has been a decisive factor to
determine the minimal paddock size set by ranchers in PV, apparently precluding excessive land-subdivision in less
productive areas. Guanaco encounter rate, expressed as number of guanacos per travelled kilometre, was inversely related
to EVI and stocking-rate. However, land subdivision was the better predictor of guanaco encounter-rate within only sheep
ranches, finding more guanacos per kilometre as paddock size increased. In contrast, in ranches where ecotourism was
implemented as a complementary activity, guanaco encounter-rates were greater, regardless of paddock size. Our results
suggest that the implementation of an additional activity by which landowners derive benefits from wildlife has prompted a
beneficial outcome for guanacos, presumably through a decrease in harassment intensity. Finally, we propose possible
mechanisms by which land subdivision may affect guanaco distribution and potential alternatives for the inclusion of
wildlife conservation in a context of extensive livestock production.