Constitutive and UV-inducible synthesis of photoprotective compounds (carotenoids and mycosporines) by freshwater yeasts

LIBKIND, D., P. PÉREZ, R. SOMMARUGA, M. C. DIÉGUEZ, M. FERRARO, S. BRIZZIO, H. ZAGARESE & M. VAN BROCK.

Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences

Royal Society of Chemistry

Lugar: Oxford; Año: 2004 vol. 3 p. 281 - 286

1474-905X

Twelve yeasts isolated from lakes of Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina, belonging to eight genera (Sporobolomyces,Sporobolomyces, Sporidiobolus, Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Cystofilobasidium, Cryptococcus, Torulaspora, and Candida) were analysed for their ability to produce photoprotective compounds. For this purpose, three laboratory experiments were performed to study the effect of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and PAR in combination with UV radiation (PAR UVR) on the production of carotenoids and mycosporines. The synthesis of carotenoid compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR UV radiation (PAR UVR) on the production of carotenoids and mycosporines. The synthesis of carotenoid compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR UV radiation (PAR UVR) on the production of carotenoids and mycosporines. The synthesis of carotenoid compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR UV radiation (PAR UVR) on the production of carotenoids and mycosporines. The synthesis of carotenoid compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR compounds was clearly stimulated in six out of nine red yeast strains tested upon exposure to PAR or PAR UVR; however, the latter conditions produced a stronger response than PAR alone. The increase in carotenoids in the red strains under PAR UVR irradiation showed a negative exponential relationship with their basal carotenoid content, suggesting that cells with higher constitutive levels of carotenoids are less responsive to induction by PAR