The genome of Andiperla morenensis.

BARICALLA, A.; FERREYROS, M; BIANCHI COLETTA, M; LAVATTI, N; PÉREZ NIETO, C.; SAN MARTÍN, E M.; LAYANA, C.; BEA, D. ; DROMAZ, M. ; KÜHNLEIN, R.; PESSACQ, P. ; JÄCKLE, H.; RIVERA POMAR, R.

Turín

Conferencia; 2024 Joint Meeting of the XVII International Conference on Ephemeroptera and XXI International Symposium on Plecoptera; 2024

The life cycle of Andiperla morenensis occurs in the glaciers of Patagonia at nearly 0°C. To understand the adaptations to the life in the glaciers, we generated a draft genome from 3.4 billion reads from males and females. The genome size was estimated at 600 Gb using Genomescope and confirmed by comparing the number and size of introns in key genes from other plecopterans. The reads were assembled with Masurca, redundancy reduced with Redundans, and contiguity improved with Ragtag using the available genome of Nemurella pictetii. The completeness index is 82.6% to OrthoDB10, as calculated with Compleasm. We used a de novo transcriptome assembled with Trinity (BUSCO 97%) for final contiguity improvement with L_RNA_scaffolder and for gene annotation. The current genome version covers 640,367,316 bp in 47,295 scaffolds (L50=1586; N50=57,781 bp; AuN=1,914,897 bp; longest scaffold 19,065,269 bp). Additionally, we assembled the complete mitochondrial genome (15,100 bp) and identified associated microorganisms. Our analysis focused on gene families that could show adaptation to cold habitats: heat shock and cold shock proteins (44 genes/transcripts; cfr abstract from San Martin et al.), ionic channels (21), RNA metabolism and protein synthesis (46), neuropeptides (44, including 12 with identified receptors), and energy metabolism (lipid metabolism enzymes, 30). Among the ionic channels, the voltage-gated sodium channel (Amo-GSC) showed 24 isoforms, derived from the 33 exons identified in the genome. One isoform (Amo-VGSC-13) encodes a 2012 amino acid open reading frame and is expressed in the brain and nerve cord of A. morenensis. We identified VGSC ortholog genes in other plecopterans and observed unique features within the voltage sensor domain of Amo-VGSC-13 that might reflect changes in the protein´s structure.