INVESTIGADORES
TAVERNA LOZA andrea Sabina
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
Early Engagement in a Rural Indigenous Community: An Observational Study of Wichi Infants
Autor/es:
TAVERNA, ANDREA SABINA; SANDRA WAXMAN
Lugar:
Austin
Reunión:
Conferencia; 2017 Biennal Meeting of the Society for Research in child Development; 2017
Institución organizadora:
Society for Research in Child Development
Resumen:
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Taverna*, Sandra R. Waxman*** NationalResearch Council, Argentina, ** NorthwesternUniversity Although developmental psychology has been the epicenterof an explosion of interest in early social learning, several key issues remainunexplored. Because most investigations have relied predominantly on semistructuredmethods observing the kinds of engagement typical of infants in Westerncommunities (e.g., mother-child dyads), there is surprisingly little evidencedocumenting the social interaction typical of infants from non-Western culturalcommunities. To identify the conditions that support social learning in infantsacross the world?s communities, it is essential that we broaden the empiricalbase. In our work, we examine social and communicativeengagement in everyday life situations that are characteristic of infantsgrowing up within the Wichi community, a rural indigenous community from theChaco Forest (northern Argentina). Eight Wichi infants and their caregivers arevideorecorded in the natural course of their daily activities. We record eachinfant at at least two of the following ages: 12mo, 18mo, 24mo, 30mo. Threeinfants are recorded at all four ages. At each visit, we record (at least) two40 min sessions. Thus far, we have 1057 recorded minutes. We code thevideotapes in three different ways. First, we focus on types of engagement, includingepisodes of non-joint engagement, dyadic joint engagement and triadic joint engagement (including an object). Second, focusingspecifically on episodes of triadic jointengagement, we identify which strategies the caregivers adopt to engage theinfant, including ostensive gestures (offering-giving; showing); referentialgestures (pointing, indicative-gesturing), vocalizations, others (c.f., ritualizedplay). Finally, maintaining our focus on triadic episodes, we integrateinfants? joint attentional behaviours with caregivers? contingent behaviours.Preliminary Results. First, at every age, non-joint engagement is predominant.Second, within triadic joint engagement,ostensive gestures such as offering-giving episodes are the most frequent strategyengaged by Wichi caregivers at every age; referential attentional strategies arescarse. Finally, micro-analysis of the offering-giving strategies shows that inall episodes identified thus far (N=84), mothers very rarely createface-to-face interactions with their infants or vocalize or point to initiatean interaction. Instead, they tend to initiate interacions using non-verbalphysical prompts (typically offering/giving the object). Importantly, however,most of the offering-giving interactions identified thus far (61 of the 84, or72%), were followed by episodes in which mothers observed the child for aconsiderable amount of time while the child explored the object on her/his own.Thus, although the incidence of overt joint attention isremarkably low, and although episodes of joint attention are not embedded inrich, overt, didactic, communicative contexts, this does not necessarily meanthat the Wichi adopt a less child-centered perspective than in other cultures.Our goal in this research is advance our understanding of how patterns ofengagment and communicative strategies, evident in all cultures, vary in theirforms of expression across different cultures, and within a given culture, varyacross particular infant-adult dyads.