INVESTIGADORES
TAVERNA LOZA andrea Sabina
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
Animals of the forest (thsotoy): Universal folkbiological concepts are shaped by culture and experience
Autor/es:
BAIOCCHI, M. C.; TAVERNA, A. S.; SANDRA WAXMAN
Lugar:
Austin, Tx
Reunión:
Conferencia; 2017 Biennal Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development; 2017
Institución organizadora:
Society for Research in Child Development
Resumen:
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Baiocchi*, Andrea S. Taverna*, Sandra R. Waxman*** National Research Council, Argentina, ** Northwestern University  AbstractPeople across the world?s communities formwell-structured and inductively rich categories of entities in the naturalworld (e.g., animal). These categories, which are structured in accordance withstrong universal principles (e.g. hierarchies, Berlin et al., 1973; Atran,1998), are also shaped markedly by peoples? experience in the natural world.People living in urban and suburban communities, with relatively little directengagement with nature, tend to focus especially on taxonomic groupings. Butpeople living in agrarian or rural communities, with extensive direct contactwith nature, focus on both taxonomic and ecological relations (e.g., foodchains) ( e.g., López et al., 1997; Bailenson et al., 2002). Here, we extendthis line of work to examine theconceptual organization of the concept ?animal? among the Wichi, an indigenous group ofAmerindians who live in the Chaco forest (northern Argentina). The Wichi speak their own native language andendorse a constellation of beliefs about the natural world that differimportantly from those in Western culture, including a tripartite classificationwithin the animal kingdom (?animalsof the forest? (tshotoy), ?animals of the air? (tshotoy fwiy?ohen), ?animals of the water? (tshotoyinot lheley), ?domestic animals? (laloy) that cuts across taxonomicgroupings (Taverna et al.,2012).  Adopting a developmental, crossculturalperspective, we ask how adultsand children from this relatively under-studied population represent thelargest and most diverse of these, the ?animals of the forest? (tshotoy). First, in a sorting task patterned after López et al. (1997),we examine 15 Wichi adults? groupingsof local forest animals. The results reveal that adults endorse two distinctcultural consensus models: An intricate ecological-based model which reflectsrelations among animals (e.g., dangerous predators, animals that do not compete each other for food orhabitat; animals that are eaten byhumans; animals that share the same habitat) and a similarity-based model in which animals are organized on the basisof morphological features (e.g., animals that have carapace; small animals). Armedwith evidence from the adult model, we then designed a simplified version of this task to examine 30 Wichi-speaking children (15 young (5 to 6 years, just beginningformal science education) and 15 older (10 to 11 years, well along in formalscience education). Data analysis, currently underway, will pinpoint when childrenshow evidence of the ecological and taxonomic models of the ?animals of theforest?. We suspect that even the youngest children will appreciate the ecologicalmodel, and that this model may prevail for the older children who, despitetheir years of formal schooling, are immersed in community-wide belief systems andactivities, and in direct engagement with nature. This work underscores thepower of identifying: a) potential universals in peoples? organization of thenatural world and b) how these universals interact with the cultural forces, acrossdevelopment, within and across different cultures.