INVESTIGADORES
PREMOLI IL'GRANDE andrea Cecilia
capítulos de libros
Título:
Development of policy recommendations and management strategies for restoration of dryland forest landscapes
Autor/es:
GONZÁLEZ-ESPINOSA M., A.C. PREMOLI, J.M. REY-BENAYAS & I. SCHIAPPACASSE, C. SMITH-RAMÍREZ, G. WILLIAMS-LINERA AND A.C. NEWTON
Libro:
Principles and Practice of Forest Landscape Restoration. Case studies from the drylands of Latin America
Editorial:
International Union for the Conservation of Nature
Referencias:
Año: 2011; p. 307 - 352
Resumen:
Forest landscape restoration typically involves the conciliation of interests of multiple stakeholders. As with other landscape-scale approaches, its ecological complexity spans several scales across both time and space (Levin, 1992; Young et al., 2005; Cash et al., 2006). Yet its practice and eventual success depends also on a number of complex human dimensions whose interactions develop over long periods of time (Higgs. 1997; Bradshaw, 2002; Naveh, 2005; Kanowski, 2010). It is probable that ecosystem goods and services provided by restored forests will eventually benefit not only local populations, but those located a considerable distance away (Buckley and Crone, 2008). On the other hand, someone has to pay for forest restoration, and rarely are local financial resources available over the time required to support restoration initiatives until signs of success are evident. As with most rural development actions, forest restoration projects usually require agreements on long-term use of consolidated land properties that involve local communities, grassroots groups, governmental agencies, urban social organizations, and others (Weiss, 2004). Forest landscape restoration should aim for legitimacy and avoid undemocratic approaches that lead to local and regional conflicts, which have limited the success of many conservation initiatives in developing countries (Lele et al., 2010). This chapter focuses on the development of public policy recommendations for forest landscape restoration, as this is probably the most crucial single issue that may affect the successful application and future practice of forest restoration in our study areas. As an example, Wuethrich (2007) describes a case where innovative public policies and coordinated governmental actions have made a major difference to conservation and restoration plans of Atlantic rainforest in the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. In the context of our study cases, the development and thoughtful use of decision-support tools, and the elaboration of local guidelines and management plans, all depend on, or provide input to the development of public policies. In most Latin American countries a common situation for forest restoration is to provide the common ground for the actions of a number of government agencies, whose actions relate to economic planning, social development, land tenure, agriculture, forestry, soil and water conservation, watershed management, and others. These agencies are prone to undertake contradictory actions. The intervention of multiple government interests is typically framed within a short-term period, usually only while some particular regulations and programmes promoted by temporary administrations take effect. On the other hand, desirable changes in rules and regulations to ensure a higher impact of restoration programmes may take years to be discussed and passed by local congresses. Conflicts may arise among stakeholder groups and local communities as some of the most valuable assets or commodities involved in forest restoration projects (particularly land) need to be committed for many years, despite the typically short life span of budgets. Therefore, a political pact has to be established that considers the current and longterm needs of all involved groups. It appears that to achieve success, forest landscape restoration has to be considered with respect to all the dimensions of a social construction.