Understanding the extensive hybridization in South American Nothofagus through karyotype analysis

ACOSTA MARIA CRISTINA; PREMOLI ANDREA CECILIA

BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

Año: 2018 vol. 188 p. 74 - 86

0024-4074

Extensive phylogeographic and population studies in Nothofagus revealed that hybridization, introgression andplastid capture are common phenomena that have occurred throughout the evolutionary history of the genus. Here,detailed karyotypes of ten South American Nothofagus spp. were constructed using chromosome fluorescent bandingwith the aim of (1) investigating if karyotype features were compatible with the formation of fertile interspecifichybrids, particularly when growing in sympatry and (2) identifying species-specific chromosomal markers to enablefurther studies of hybridization in Nothofagus. Similar karyotype formulas and heterochromatin patterns amongspecies of the same clade (i.e. subgenus) revealed a low rate of chromosomal change. This finding reinforces the ideathat hybrids between Nothofagus spp. can be fertile and that chromosome pairing in meioses could be successful.Genome conservation and extensive hybridization that resulted in plastid capture has been observed in other woodygenera. Hybridization in tree species could be a survival strategy to enable the successful colonization of sites afterdisturbance and the introgression of genes from their congeners (adaptive introgression) may play an important rolein adapting to climate change. Finally, N. antarctica has one more NOR than its congeners that is easily identifiableand therefore could be used in future studies of hybrids.