Phlebotominae associated with leishmaniasis foci in Argentina, 1990-2004

SALOMON OD; GABRIELA QUINTANA, MARÍA; WENCESLAO ORELLANO, PABLO; STEIN M; ROSA JR; SORAYA ACARDI,; MARIO LAMFRI,; MARCELO SCAVUZZO,

Gammarth, Tunis, Túnez

Congreso; Fifth International Symposium pn Phlebotomine Sandflies ISOPS-V; 2005

Phlebotominae associated with leishmaniasis foci in argentina, 1990-2004.   O.D.Salomon, M.G.Quintana1, P.Orellano, M.Stein2, J.R.Rosa2, S.Acardi3, M.Lamfri4, M.Scavuzzo4 Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 1 UNT, Tucumán, Argentina.  2 UNNE, Resistencia, Argentina. 3 UNM, Posadas, Argentina. 4CONAE, Córdoba, Argentina.   Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) transmission in Argentina is endemic above 28º latitude south. The area (~450000km2) involves three ecological regions: western (Yungas) and eastern (Paranaense) subtropical forests, and a xeric savanna between them (Chaco). Standarized phlebotomine captures with CDC like light traps were performed from 1990 to 2004 in leishmaniasis foci thorough the 9 endemic provinces. The results with the aid of satellite imaginery are being used to support outbreak origin hypotheses, and to build maps of risk: Region Sites Spp. N Prevalent species Yungas 18 4 51419 L.neivai 98.0%; L.migonei 1.2% Paranaense 15 13 18581 L.neivai 86.8%; L.whitmani 8.7% Chaco a 13 5 267 L. migonei 69.0%; L.cortelezzii 15.7%; Chaco b 4 5 6792 L. neivai 96.3%; L. migonei 3.1% Yungas: '‘Hot spots'’ within gallery forest or peridomestic captures near woods/ animal dwellings. Paranaense: peridomestic captures close to great patches of woods with high species diversity. Chaco a: xeric environment results similar to captures reported up to 1950. Chaco b main rivers, results similar to those of the Yungas region. The distribution of species with vector capacity suggests the probability of peridomestic transmission overlapped with a sylvatic cycle of lower intensity. The periurban foci in most of the cases are still related with phlebotominae source populations from less disturbed environments. The factors that contributed to each LT outbreak were analyzed for the three regions. Besides, L. longipalpis was found in Formosa province, near to the Visceral Leishmaniasis focus of Asuncion, Paraguay