The Life Cycle of Symbiotic Crustaceans: A Primer.

BAEZA ANTONIO; OCAMPO, EMILIANO H.; LUPPI TOMAS

The Natural History of the Crustacea: Life Histories, Volume 5

Oxford University Press

Año: 2018; p. 1 - 438

In the subphylum Crustacea, species from most major clades have independently evolved symbiotic relationships with a wide variety of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Herein, we review the life cycle disparity in symbiotic crustaceans. Relatively simple life cycles with direct or abbreviated development can be found among symbiotic decapods, mysids, and amphipods. Compared to their closest free- living relatives, no major life cycle Modifications were detected in these clades as well as in most symbiotic cirripeds. In contrast, symbiotic isopods, copepods, and tantulocarids exhibit complex life cycles with major di#erences compared to their closest free- living relatives. Key modi"cations in these clades include the presence of larval stages well endowed for dispersal and host infestation, and the use of up to $ di#erent host species with dissimilar ecologies throughout their ontogeny. Phylogenetic inertia and restrictions imposed by the body plan of some clades appear to be most relevant in determining life cycle modi"cations (or the lack thereof) from the ?typical? ground pa%ern. Furthermore, the life cycle ground pa%ern is likely either constraining or favoring the adoption of a symbiotic lifestyle in some crustacean clades (e.g., in the &ecostraca).