Sur les types de problèmes rencontrés en science, en technologie et dans les professions: fondements d?une politique scientifique.

MARONE, L.

Metascience

Éditions Materologiques

Lugar: París; Año: 2020 p. 105 - 120

0815-0796

Science, technology, and professions form a system with strong in-teractions. Yet, these activities attack different kinds of problems which require different kinds of solutions. The problems that trigger scientific and technological research remain insufficiently solved or unsolved, therefore their possible solutions must be invented (i.e. they are partially or totally original) and, consequently, they should be tested against reality by researchers before considering them as true or useful. On the contrary, the problems that trigger professional inquiry are already solved, or have at least some partial solution at hand that is available in the form of a technical protocol. This solu-tion is applied with caution but without testing (i.e. the professional assumes that the solution works because it was already challenged by researchers). Moreover, science and technology tackle un-solved inverse problems, which allow the radical advancement of knowledge, and genuine innovation. A science policy based on a clear distinction between creative and routine activities (i.e. a cre-atively friendly policy) offers an opportunity for societies to reach value-added innovative economic and integral development.