"Strategies to improve antimicrobial drug bioavailability"

AIASSA, VIRGINIA; SILVERO C, M. JAZMIN; ZOPPI, ARIANA

Congreso; reunion anual de sociedades biociencia; 2019

New biocompatible nanomaterials can be designed to have antimicrobial properties. Thosecould be used as alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of multiresistant infections.. Animportant step before its clinical application is the evaluation of their biointeractions,biodistribution and bioavailability.In example, one of the strategies involving metal nanoparticles is to use visible light to excitetheir plasmon and achieve a photothermal effect, what is called ?Photodynamic AntimicrobialTherapy? (PACT). Gold nanoparticles are often chosen for PACT because they areconsidered non-toxic to mammals; however, their biocompatibility is directly link to theirselectivity. In order to make them more selective for prokaryotic cells, gold nanoparticles aresynthesized and stabilized by amoxicillin. This ATM guides the nanoparticle towards thebacterial wall. An in vivo study shows that they do not produce any alteration in blood cells,and most of them (spheres below 50 nm diameter) are excreted in urine after just 5 hours.Interesting interactions inside internal organs are shown through TEM images. Minoralterations found in tissue cells are possibly due to the amoxicillin toxicity; therefore, the nextgeneration of gold nanoparticles for PACT are synthesized employing a natural ATMpeptide: casein. These nanoparticles are able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic strains afteronly 15 min with green LEDs. They were thought to be used as topical ATM gel, due tocasein gelation property. Their skin permeability study shows that they penetrate the skinand are mostly eliminated in the urine, due to their size and shape (spheres of 10 ± 2 nmdiameter).The biocompatibility of other nanomaterials, like titanium dioxide nanoparticles (employed incosmetics), zinc oxide nanoparticles (for dental treatments) and silver nanoparticles (addedto disinfectants to increase their efficiency) are currently being investigated and presented inthis work.