Physiological responses and post-stress recovery in field-grown maize exposed to high temperatures at flowering

PLOSCHUCK, E ; VALENTINUZ, OSCAR; NEIFF, NICOLÁS; ANDRADE FERNANDO

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE

SOUTHERN CROSS PUBL

Año: 2019 vol. 13 p. 2053 - 2061

1835-2693

Heat stress affects physiological traits and biomass production in major crops, including maize. We researched the responses ofmaximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), relative cell injury (RCI), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci),leaf photosynthesis (CER), and crop growth rate (CGR) in two maize cultivars exposed to high temperatures around silking (R1)under field conditions. Temperature regimes (i.e. control and heat) were performed during the pre-silking (?15d R1 to R1) andpost-silking (R1+2d to R1+17d) periods. In the heat treatments, polyethylene shelters were used in order to increase daytimetemperatures around midday (from 10 A.M. to 2 P.M.) during each period (i.e., pre- and post-silking). In the control treatments, theshelters remained open during the entire growing season. Gas exchange variables, Fv/Fm and relative cell injury (RCI) weremeasured on ear leaves. CGR was estimated based on biomass samples. CER and Fv/Fm presented maximum reductions at the endof the daytime heating. However, 30 min after the shelters were reopened, Fv/Fm of heated leaves reached values similar tocontrols, which were closely linked to CER recoveries. RCI was negatively associated with Fv/Fm, and cell injury increased graduallyas heating continued. Ci was unaffected by heat treatment, indicating that gs was not the primary cause of CER reduction. Heatstress decreased CGR, and the reduction was positively associated with CER and Fv/Fm in both heating periods. We attempted toscale from cell to crop level and identify some physiological traits that could be helpful in breeding programs for heat stresstolerance.