EVALUATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ON THE NUTRITIONAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PROFILE OF MICE FED A HIGH-FAT DIET

MARQUEZ, A; TOMEI, C; ANDRADA, E; RUSSO, M; MEDINA, R; GAUFFIN, P

San Miguel de Tucumán

Simposio; VI International Symposium on Lactic Acid Bacteria - I Argentinean-Japanese Lactic Acid Bacteria ?Tohoku Forum for Creativity? Meeting; 2024

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos

Currently, the use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as nutritional therapy is a promising option to reverse the metabolic markers that characterize diet-induced obesity (DIO). The objective of this work was to comparatively evaluate the administration of 3 strains of LAB on body weight gain (BWG), biochemical, and inflammatory parameters in mice with DIO. C57BL/6 mice were fed for 10 weeks different diets and divided into the following groups (n=6): Control: standard diet (SD); Obese (Ob): high-fat diet (HFD); Ob+CRL1446: HFD + Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL1446; Ob+CRL1449: HFD + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1449; and Ob+CRL1472: HFD + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1472. The dose of LAB used was 10^8 CFU/day/mouse. BWG was evaluated weekly. After 10 weeks of feeding, the livers were extracted for histological analysis, and the following determinations were made in plasma: cytokines by CBA, and glucose and lipid profile by enzymatic methods. Cardiovascular risk indices (CRI) were calculated as follows: Total cholesterol-HDL/HDL; LDL/HDL; and Triglycerides/HDL. The results were compared with the Ob group. BWG decreased by 20%, 14%, and 15% in Ob+CRL1446, Ob+CRL1449, and Ob+CRL1472 groups, respectively. HFD significantly increased TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6, while no significant differences were observed in IL-10 levels, demonstrating a pro-inflammatory effect of this diet compared to SD. Supplementation with the different strains tended to restore the pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, this difference was not significant concerning the Ob group. The animal groups that received LAB showed a lower fat infiltration into the hepatocytes, and the histology of the livers of the CRL1446 group was similar to the Control group. Levels of glucose values decreased in groups fed with CRL1446 (36%), CRL1449 (34%), and CRL1472 (22%). CRI of treated groups was similar to the Control group. Interestingly, although total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol values did not change notably, the administration of the LAB increased HDL values in obese animals, thus improving atherogenic indices. In conclusion, the administration of LAB significantly improves the metabolic and inflammatory markers present in obesity, with a strain-dependent effect. Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 turned out to be the most suitable to be used as an adjuvant in the nutritional treatment of this pathology.