Respiratory Antiviral immunity and immunobiotics: Beneficial effects on inflammation-Coagulation interaction during influenza virus infection

ZELAYA HORTENSIA; ALVAREZ SUSANA; KITAZAWA HARUKI; VILLENA JULIO

Frontiers in Immunology

Frontiers Editorial Office

Año: 2016 vol. 7 p. 1 - 16

Influenza virus (IFV) is a major respiratory pathogen of global importance, and the causeof a high degree of morbidity and mortality, especially in high-risk populations such asinfants, elderly, and immunocompromised hosts. Given its high capacity to changeantigenically, acquired immunity is often not effective to limit IFV infection and thereforevaccination must be constantly redesigned to achieve effective protection. Improvementof respiratory and systemic innate immune mechanisms has been proposed to reducethe incidence and severity of IFV disease. In the last decade, several research workshave demonstrated that microbes with the capacity to modulate the mucosal immunesystem (immunobiotics) are a potential alternative to beneficially modulate the outcomeof IFV infection. This review provides an update of the current status on the modulationof respiratory immunity by orally and nasally administered immunobiotics, and theirbeneficial impact on IFV clearance and inflammatory-mediated lung tissue damage.In particular, we describe the research of our group that investigated the influence ofimmunobiotics on inflammation?coagulation interactions during IFV infection. Studieshave clearly demonstrated that hostile inflammation is accompanied by dysfunctionalcoagulation in respiratory IFV disease, and our investigations have proved that someimmunobiotic strains are able to reduce viral disease severity through their capacity tomodulate the immune-coagulative responses in the respiratory tract.