The Cerro Guanaco mass movements: A geophysical and morphometric approach on a megalandslide in the Fuegian Andes (Southern Patagonia)

BRAN, DONALDO MAURICIO; LOZANO, JORGE GABRIEL; WINOCUR, DIEGO; MENICHETTI, MARCO; ONNIS, LUCIANO; LODOLO, EMANUELE; TASSONE, ALEJANDRO

JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Año: 2020 vol. 101

0895-9811

The Fuegian Andes, in the southernmost part of South America, are characterized by a relatively young deglaciallandscape, where the glacial erosive relief is strongly influenced by regional-scale geological structures, resultingin deep longitudinal valleys with steeply dipping hillslopes. The rock-slope stability response to receding icemasses and the contribution of the gravitational processes in landscape evolution of the southernmost Andes,however, have not been assessed so far. The remoteness of the region, comprising a mountainous area hardly toaccess and piedmont and valley floors densely covered by forest, peatbogs or water bodies might partly explainthe lack of such studies. Therefore, the objective of this contribution is to document for the first time theoccurrence of massive slope failures in the Fuegian Andes using a multidisciplinary approach. This involves theuse of indirect methods such as applied geophysics and landscape morphometrics. The southwest-facing slope ofCerro Guanaco, near Ushuaia, hosts several slope failures, but a massive failure stands out. The morphostructuralapproach allowed the geometrical description of the main dimensional characteristics of the first megalandsliderecognized in the Fuegian Andes, which involved almost 1,2 km3 of material. On the other hand, the geophysicaldata has proved valuable in estimating the depth and characteristic of the buried detachment surface. The slopefailure consisted of an initial translational movement followed by secondary slides and was developed shortlyafter the glacier recession. The gravitational processes represent an important element in the Fuegian deglaciallandscape evolution.